This review gives a brief history of the development of head and neck pathology in Europe from a humble beginning in the 1930s to the explosive activities the last 15 years. During the decades before the introduction of immunohistochemistry in the 1980s, head and neck pathology grew as a subspeciality in many European countries. In the late 1940s, the Institute of Laryngology and Otology with its own pathology laboratory was founded in London, and in 1964 the World Health Organization (WHO) International Reference Centre for the Histological Classification of Salivary Tumours was established at the Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology, also in London. International collaboration, and very much so in Europe, led to the publication of the first WHO Classification of Salivary Gland Tumours in 1972. In the 1960s, a salivary gland register was organised in Hamburg and in Cologne the microlaryngoscopy was invented enabling microscopic endoscopic examination and rather shortly afterwards a carbon dioxide laser attached to the microscope became established and laryngeal lesions could be treated by laser vaporisation. During the last three decades, the use of immunohistochemistry supplemented with cytogenetic and refined molecular techniques has greatly facilitated the pathological diagnostics of head and neck lesions and has had a huge impact on research. Collaboration between different European centres has drastically increased partly due to establishment of scientific societies such as the Head and Neck Working Group (HNWG) within the European Society of Pathology and the International Head and Neck Scientific Group (IHNSG). A very large number of European pathologists have contributed to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th WHO books, and are involved in the upcoming 5th edition. Accredited educational meetings and courses are nowadays regularly arranged in Europe. Numerous textbooks on head and neck pathology have been written and edited by European pathologists. The increased collaboration has created larger series of tumours for research and new entities, mainly defined by their genetic abnormalities, are continuously emerging from Europe, particularly regarding salivary gland neoplasms and "undifferentiated" sinonasal tumours. These findings have led to a better and more precise classification and open the possibilities for new treatment strategies.

August Pi 1 Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona Spain

Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen EMN Erlangen Germany

Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy

Department of Anatomical Pathology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada

Department of Basic Clinical Practice School of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine Epigenetics and Human Disease Group Algarve Biomedical Centre Algarve University Campus de Gambelas Ala Norte 8005 139 Faro Portugal

Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics Bioptical Laboratory Ltd Plzen Czech Republic

Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine in Plzen Charles University Plzen Czech Republic

Department of Pathology Hospital Clínic Barcelona Spain

Department of Pathology Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa FL USA

Department of Pathology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands

Department of Pathology Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden

Institute of Biomedicine Pathology University of Turku Turku Finland

Institute of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia

Institute of Pathology University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg Erlangen Germany

Section of Pathology Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa Pisa Italy

Turku University Central Hospital 20521 Turku Finland

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