Endometriosis is described as the presence of both endometrial glandular and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity. A major characterization of this disease is ectopic implantation of endometrial cells with increased migration. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity among premenopausal women, with a prevalence of 10-16% of women of reproductive age. Despite over century of intensive research, none of the current treatment options represents a real cure. Based on the current knowledge, endometriosis, particularly its atypical version, is considered to be a transitional form from benign disease to tumour. However, the exact mechanisms of this conversion are still not fully established.

Clinical Academic Department of Women's Health National Research Center of Mother and Child Health University Medical Center Nur Sultan Kazakhstan

Department of Medicine School of Medicine Nazarbayev University Nur Sultan Kazakhstan

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology AOUI Verona University of Verona Verona Italy

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Filippo Del Ponte Hospital University of Insubria Varese Italy

Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA United States

Department of Pathology University of Louisville Louisville KY United States

Department of Women and Children's Health University of Padua Padua Italy

Institute of Sexology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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