Endometriosis is a complex and chronic estrogen-dependent disease, affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age. Despite the long interest and extensive research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still debated. Although available non-invasive diagnostic methods have adequate accuracy, an invasive approach by laparoscopy is often necessary to obtain histological confirmation. In this scenario, the search for an accurate, reliable, cost-effective, clinically applicable non-invasive biomarker plays a crucial role in a potentially early diagnosis and, in this way, shape the future management of the disease. Considering these elements, the current review aims to summarize the most significant and novel results about biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of women affected by endometriosis.

Biomedical Centre Faculty of Medicine in Plzen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology AOUI Verona University of Verona Verona Italy

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Filippo Del Ponte Hospital University of Insubria Piazza Biroldi 1 21100 Varese Italy

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Pathology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

Institute of Sexology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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Endometriosis and gynaecological cancers: molecular insights behind a complex machinery