A Cell Membrane Targeting Molybdenum-Iodine Nanocluster: Rational Ligand Design toward Enhanced Photodynamic Activity
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- jod * farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- molybden * farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- jod * MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- molybden * MeSH
The development of singlet oxygen photosensitizers, which target specific cellular organelles, constitutes a pertinent endeavor to optimize the efficiency of photodynamic therapy. Targeting of the cell membrane eliminates the need for endocytosis of drugs that can lead to toxicity, intracellular degradation, or drug resistance. In this context, we utilized copper-free click chemistry to prepare a singlet oxygen photosensitizing complex, made of a molybdenum-iodine nanocluster stabilized by triazolate apical ligands. In phosphate-buffered saline, the complex formed nanoaggregates with a positive surface charge due to the protonatable amine function of the apical ligands. These nanoaggregates targeted cell membranes and caused an eminent blue-light phototoxic effect against HeLa cells at nanomolar concentrations, inducing apoptotic cell death, while having no dark toxicity at physiologically relevant concentrations. The properties of this complex were compared to those of a negatively charged parent complex to highlight the dominant effect of the nature of apical ligands on biological properties of the nanocluster. These two complexes also exerted (photo)antibacterial effects on several pathogenic strains in the form of planktonic cultures and biofilms. Overall, we demonstrated that the rational design of apical ligands toward cell membrane targeting leads to enhanced photodynamic efficiency.
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Octahedral Molybdenum Cluster-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Photodynamic Therapy
