The demand for biomaterials has been increasing along with the increase in the population of elderly people worldwide. The mechanical properties and high wear resistance of metallic biomaterials make them well-suited for use as substitutes or as support for damaged hard tissues. However, unless these biomaterials also have a low Young's modulus similar to that of human bones, bone atrophy inevitably occurs. Because a low Young's modulus is typically associated with poor wear resistance, it is difficult to realize a low Young's modulus and high wear resistance simultaneously. Also, the superelastic property of shape-memory alloys makes them suitable for biomedical applications, like vascular stents and guide wires. However, due to the low recoverable strain of conventional biocompatible shape-memory alloys, the demand for a new alloy system is high. The novel body-centered-cubic cobalt-chromium-based alloys in this work provide a solution to both of these problems. The Young's modulus of <001>-oriented single-crystal cobalt-chromium-based alloys is 10-30 GPa, which is similar to that of human bone, and they also demonstrate high wear and corrosion resistance. They also exhibit superelasticity with a huge recoverable strain up to 17.0%. For these reasons, the novel cobalt-chromium-based alloys can be promising candidates for biomedical applications.

Department of Materials Processing Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aobayama 6 6 02 Sendai 980 8579 Japan

Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aobayama 6 6 02 Sendai 980 8579 Japan

Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai 980 8577 Japan

J PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai 319 1195 Japan

The Institute of Thermomechanics Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejskova 5 Prague 8 182 00 the Czech Republic

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