Establishing a solid taxonomic framework is crucial for enabling discovery and documentation efforts. This ensures effective communication between scientists as well as reproducibility of results between laboratories, and facilitates the exchange and preservation of biological material. Such framework can only be achieved by establishing clear criteria for taxa characterization and rank assignment. Within the anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), the need for such criteria is especially vital. Difficulties associated with their isolation, maintenance and long-term storage often result in limited availability and loss of previously described taxa. To this end, we provide here a list of morphological, microscopic, phylogenetic and phenotypic criteria for assessment and documentation when characterizing newly obtained Neocallimastigomycota isolates. We also recommend a polyphasic rank-assignment scheme for novel genus-, species- and strain-level designations for newly obtained Neocallimastigomycota isolates.

Anaerobic Fungi Network Kerkdriel The Netherlands

Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture Central Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics 85354 Freising Germany

Bioenergy Group Agharkar Research Institute Pune India

College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu PR China

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE USA

Department of Chemical Engineering Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA USA

Department of Microbiology University of Innsbruck Technikerstraße Innsbruck Austria

Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of Science Prague Czechia

Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth Wales UK

Wilmar International Limited Corporate Laboratory Centre for Translational Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

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