(1) Background: C1q TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. In our study, we explored changes in serum CTRP3 and its gene expression in epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing elective cardiac surgery. (2) Methods: SAT, EAT, and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery from 34 patients: (i) 11 without CAD or T2DM, (ii) 14 with CAD and without T2DM, and (iii) 9 with both CAD and T2DM. mRNA levels of CTRP3 were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Circulating levels of CTRP3 and other factors were measured using ELISA and Luminex Multiplex commercial kits. (3) Results: Baseline plasma levels of TNF-α and IL6 did not differ among the groups and increased at the end of surgery. Baseline circulating levels of CTRP3 did not differ among the groups and decreased after surgery. In contrast, baseline CTRP3 mRNA levels in EAT were significantly decreased in CAD/T2DM group, while no differences were found for TNF-α and IL6 gene expression. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that decreased EAT mRNA levels of CTRP3 could contribute to higher risk of atherosclerosis in patients with CAD and T2DM.

1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Katerinska 32 121 08 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Anaesthesia The James Cook University Hospital Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW UK

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Cardiac Surgery Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Videnska 1958 9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care The James Cook University Hospital Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW UK

Department of Physiology 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Ruska 87 100 00 Prague Czech Republic

Diabetes Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Videnska 1958 9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic

Experimental Medicine Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Videnska 1958 9 140 21 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital U Nemocnice 499 2 128 08 Prague Czech Republic

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