Crop domestication usually leads to the narrowing genetic diversity. However, human selection mainly focuses on visible traits, such as yield and plant morphology, with most metabolic changes being invisible to the naked eye. Buckwheat accumulates abundant bioactive substances, making it a dual-purpose crop with excellent nutritional and medical value. Therefore, examining the wiring of these invisible metabolites during domestication is of major importance. The comprehensive profiling of 200 Tartary buckwheat accessions exhibits 540 metabolites modified as a consequence of human selection. Metabolic genome-wide association study illustrates 384 mGWAS signals for 336 metabolites are under selection. Further analysis showed that an R2R3-MYB transcription factor FtMYB43 positively regulates the synthesis of procyanidin. Glycoside hydrolase gene FtSAGH1 is characterized as responsible for the release of active salicylic acid, the precursor of aspirin and indispensably in plant defence. UDP-glucosyltransferase gene FtUGT74L2 is characterized as involved in the glycosylation of emodin, a major medicinal component specific in Polygonaceae. The lower expression of FtSAGH1 and FtUGT74L2 were associated with the reduction of salicylic acid and soluble EmG owing to domestication. This first large-scale metabolome profiling in Tartary buckwheat will facilitate genetic improvement of medicinal properties and disease resistance in Tartary buckwheat.

Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Ljubljana Slovenia

Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology Plovdiv Bulgaria

College of Environmental Sciences Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China

College of Plant Pathology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China

Crop Research Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha China

Department of Gene Bank Crop Research Institute Praha 6 Czech Republic

Department of Molecular Physiology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam Golm Germany

EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales Université de Tours Tours France

Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures INRA USC1328 Plant Lignans Team Université d'Orléans Orléans Cédex 2 France

Laboratory of Metabolomics Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Plovdiv Bulgaria

Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co Ltd Wuhan China

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Genomic insight into the origin, domestication, dispersal, diversification and human selection of Tartary buckwheat

Agro-Morphological and Molecular Characterization Reveal Deep Insights in Promising Genetic Diversity and Marker-Trait Associations in Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum