Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials display properties with significant biological utility (e.g., antimicrobial activity). In this study, MXene-functionalized graphene (FG) nanocomposites with Ti3C2T x in varying ratios (FG : Ti3C2T x , 25 : 75%, 50 : 50%, and 75 : 25%) were prepared and characterized via scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and zeta potential analysis. Their cytotoxicity was assessed using immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells at three different timepoints, and antibacterial activity was assessed using Gram-positive Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Gram-negative neuro-pathogenic Escherichia coli K1 (E. coli K1) in vitro. The nanomaterials and composites displayed potent antibacterial effects against both types of bacteria and low cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells at 200 μg mL-1, which is promising for their utilization for biomedical applications.

Department of Biological Sciences School of Medical and Life Sciences Sunway University Selangor 47500 Malaysia 60 3 7491 8622 ext 7174

Department of Chemistry Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK

Department of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Technická 4 166 07 Prague Czech Republic

Materials Science Institute Faraday Building Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK

Research Centre for Nano Materials and Energy Technology School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Selangor Malaysia

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