Background. The treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma requires surgical treatment and the reconstruction of the temporal bone, which represents an ongoing problem. Otologists have focused on the research of materials allowing an airy middle ear and the preservation of hearing function to reconstruct the temporal bone. Methods. This study evaluated the effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) and a combined biomaterial in the healing process of postoperative temporal bone defects in an animal model. Cultured human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hBM-MSCs) were mixed with hydroxyapatite (Cem-Ostetic®), and subsequently applied as a bone substitute after middle ear surgery, showing that the therapeutic potential of hBM-MSCs associated with bone regeneration and replacement is directly influenced by CsA, confirming that it promotes the survival of MSCs in vivo. Results. The therapeutic efficacy of the combination of MSCs with CsA is greater than the sole application of MSCs in a hydroxyapatite carrier. Conclusion. The reconstruction of a temporal bone defect using hBM-MSCs requires an immunosuppressant to improve the results of treatment.

Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove Charles University 500 03 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Hradec Kralove Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Charles University 500 03 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Charles University 500 03 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Radiology University Hospital Hradec Kralove 500 05 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

The Fingerland Department of Pathology University Hospital Hradec Kralove Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Charles University 500 03 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

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