Temporal bone reconstruction is a persisting problem following middle ear cholesteatoma surgery. Seeking to advance the clinical transfer of stem cell therapy we attempted the reconstruction of temporal bone using a composite bioartificial graft based on a hydroxyapatite bone scaffold combined with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined biomaterial on the healing of postoperative temporal bone defects and the preservation of physiological hearing functions in a guinea pig model. The treatment's effect could be observed at 1 and 2 months after implantation of the biomaterial, as opposed to the control group. The clinical evaluation of our results included animal survival, clinical signs of an inflammatory response, and exploration of the tympanic bulla. Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation were evaluated by histopathological analyses, whereas hBM-MSCs survival was evaluated by immunofluorescence assays. Hearing capacity was evaluated by objective audiometric methods, i.e. auditory brainstem responses and otoacoustic emission. Our study shows that hBM-MSCs, in combination with hydroxyapatite scaffolds, improves the repair of bone defects providing a safe and effective alternative in their treatment following middle ear surgery due to cholesteatoma.

Department of Auditory Neuroscience Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Department of Biomaterials and Biophysical Methods Institute of Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy Charles University Faculty of Medicine Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Radiobiology University of Defence Brno Faculty of Military Health Sciences Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Institute of Neuroimmunology Slovak Academy of Science Bratislava Slovak Republic

The Fingerland Department of Pathology University Hospital Hradec Králové Czech Republic

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