Madagascar's unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar's terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by presenting data and analyses on documented and predicted species-level conservation statuses, the most prevalent and relevant threats, ex situ collections and programs, and the coverage and comprehensiveness of protected areas. The existing terrestrial protected area network in Madagascar covers 10.4% of its land area and includes at least part of the range of the majority of described native species of vertebrates with known distributions (97.1% of freshwater fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals combined) and plants (67.7%). The overall figures are higher for threatened species (97.7% of threatened vertebrates and 79.6% of threatened plants occurring within at least one protected area). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments and Bayesian neural network analyses for plants identify overexploitation of biological resources and unsustainable agriculture as the most prominent threats to biodiversity. We highlight five opportunities for action at multiple levels to ensure that conservation and ecological restoration objectives, programs, and activities take account of complex underlying and interacting factors and produce tangible benefits for the biodiversity and people of Madagascar.

Association Vahatra Antananarivo Madagascar

Biology Centre CAS Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic

BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal

Botanic Gardens Conservation International Kew Richmond Surrey UK

California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA USA

Cambridge University Herbarium Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK

CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal

Cologne Zoo Cologne Germany

CR2P Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France

Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal

Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil

Department of Anthropology Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Washington DC USA

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Department of Biology Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany

Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland

Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford UK

Department of Geography University of Exeter Exeter Devon UK

Department of Organismal Biology SciLifeLab Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar

Faculty of Natural Sciences Lúrio University Pemba Cabo Delgado Province Mozambique

Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL USA

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Leipzig Germany

Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Ileiry Geospatial Services Antananarivo Madagascar

Institut de Systématique Évolution et Biodiversité Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France

Institute of Biosciences Life Sciences Centre Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania

Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Unicamp Campinas São Paulo Brazil

Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad University of La Serena La Serena Chile

Integrated Science Lab Department of Physics Umeå University Umeå Sweden

Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Program Antananarivo Madagascar

Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis MO USA

Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden Netherlands

Plant Conservation Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town South Africa

Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada Universidad Católica del Norte Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile

Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre Antananarivo Madagascar

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond Surrey UK

Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey UK

School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK

School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff Wales UK

School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

School of Natural Sciences Bangor University Bangor Gwynedd Wales UK

Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Fribourg Switzerland

UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford UK

UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge UK

WWF Antananarivo Madagascar

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

Same parasite, diverging fates: distinct responses of tenrecs to Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection

Variation in nest survival of three species of tropical plovers in Madagascar with clutch size, age of nest, year and El Niño effect

Introducing IsoMad, a compilation of isotopic datasets for Madagascar