Light-driven microrobots with different propulsion mechanisms have attracted great attention in microrobot synthesis and applications. However, current systems rely heavily on precious metals, using a complex synthesis process and limited working wavelength. It is therefore of great interest to fabricate microrobots that can be driven by multi-wavelength irradiation and with simple components. Here, metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based microrobots are synthesized using a sacrificial polystyrene bead template and an extra capping is added to regulate their symmetry. The hollow MPN microrobots with different layers of capping are capable of moving under both near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, without fuel. The velocity of the microrobots under irradiation is altered by the thickness of the asymmetric capping and their motion could be manipulated remotely by switching the NIR or UV irradiation on and off. With light-driven mobility, the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) scavenging activity of the microrobots is significantly increased. Therefore, this proposed microrobot system provides a synthesis strategy to develop asymmetric light-navigated microrobots for future medical treatment with tunable structure, multi-wavelength light-responsive mobility, and great RONS scavenging capacity.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei ro Seodaemun gu Seoul 03722 Korea

Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China

Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University No 91 Hsueh Shih Road Taichung 40402 Taiwan

DICP Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB Technical University of Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172 15 Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic

Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 61200 Czech Republic

Shandong Research Institute Fudan University Shandong 250103 China

Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University Yiwu Zhejiang 322000 China

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Magnetically Propelled Microrobots toward Photosynthesis of Green Ammonia from Nitrates