BACKGROUND: The mayfly Ephemera (Sinephemera) glaucops Pictet, 1843 has been considered regionally extinct in the Czech Republic, with the last occurrence dating from 1933. Its extinction was connected with the anthropogenic changes of lowland rivers, forming the original habitat of E.glaucops within the area of the Czech Republic. However, the species has been reported as spreading in man-made, often post-industrial waterbodies in Germany, The Netherlands and Austria since the 1970s. NEW INFORMATION: We report E.glaucops from the Czech Republic, based on 27 larvae collected in the North Bohemia lignite basin in 2018. All individuals were found at one locality - a small kaolin pit in the shallow part near the shore, mostly without macrophytes. We provide details about the locality and morphological diagnostic characters of E.glaucops. This study highlights the importance of post-industrial sites for aquatic biodiversity as surrogate biotopes for degraded original habitats.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Ecosystem Biology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic Department of Ecosystem Biology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

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Checklist, distribution, diversity, and rarity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in Slovakia