The origin of the common wall lizards (Podarcismuralis) populations in south-eastern Europe (namely in Bulgaria and Romania), representing the north-eastern range border of this species, was addressed using mitochondrial DNA. We compared cytochrome b sequences from Bulgaria and Romania with those from the contiguous range in Central Europe that are available from previous studies. We recorded five main haplogroups in Bulgaria and Romania, belonging to the Central Balkan clade. However, haplogroup III was recorded in more localities than previously found. Additionally, signs of haplotype admixture were identified in several populations along the Danube River. The presence of the Southern Alps haplotype in one population from Otopeni, Bucharest (Romania) and its close phylogenetic relationships to north Italy populations suggests human-mediated introductions of this wall lizard clade in Romania. Our results confirm that P.muralis can have non-native lineages and admixture through active human-mediated transport.

Asociația Chelonia România 062082 Bucharest Romania Asociația Chelonia România 062082 Bucharest Romania

BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão 4485 661 Vairão Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão 4485 661 Vairão Portugal

CEDMOG Center Ovidius University Constanța Tomis Avenue 145 Constanƫa Romania CEDMOG Center Ovidius University Constanța Tomis Avenue 145 Constanƫa Romania

CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão 4485 661 Vairão Portugal CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão 4485 661 Vairão Portugal

Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto R Campo Alegre s n 4169 007 Porto Portugal Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto R Campo Alegre s n 4169 007 Porto Portugal

Department of Biology Lund University Sölvegatan 37 223 62 Lund Sweden Department of Biology Lund University Sölvegatan 37 223 62 Lund Sweden

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Vinićná 7 12844 Prague Czech Republic Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Vinićná 7 12844 Prague Czech Republic

Evolutionary Ecology Group Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology Babeș Bolyai University Clinicilor Street 5 7 400006 Cluj Napoca Romania Evolutionary Ecology Group Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology Babeș Bolyai University Clinicilor Street 5 7 400006 Cluj Napoca Romania

Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Ovidius University Constanţa Aleea Universități 1 Campus Corp B 900470 Constanƫa Romania Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Ovidius University Constanţa Aleea Universități 1 Campus Corp B 900470 Constanƫa Romania

Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1000 Sofia Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1000 Sofia Bulgaria

Milvus Group Bird and Nature Protection Association 540445 Tîrgu Mureș Romania Milvus Group Bird and Nature Protection Association 540445 Tîrgu Mureș Romania

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