Cancer causes many deaths worldwide each year, especially due to tumor heterogeneity leading to disease progression and treatment failure. Targeted treatment of heterogeneous population of cells - cancer stem cells is still an issue in protecting affected individuals against associated multidrug resistance and disease progression. Nanotherapeutic agents have the potential to go beyond state-of-the-art approaches in overall cancer management. Specially assembled nanoparticles act as carriers for targeted drug delivery. Several nanodrugs have already been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating different cancer types. Phytochemicals isolated from plants demonstrate considerable potential for nanomedical applications in oncology thanks to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and other health benefits. Phytochemical-based NPs can enhance anticancer therapeutic effects, improve cellular uptake of therapeutic agents, and mitigate the side effects of toxic anticancer treatments. Per evidence, phytochemical-based NPs can specifically target CSCs decreasing risks of tumor relapse and metastatic disease manifestation. Therefore, this review focuses on current outlook of phytochemical-based NPs and their potential targeting CSCs in cancer research studies and their consideration in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM).

Cancer Research Institute Department of Tumor Immunology Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia

Centre for Advanced Material Application Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia

Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

Department of Applied Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic

Department of Dermatology Comenius University in Bratislava Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin and University Hospital Martin Martin Slovakia

Department of Medical Biology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

Department of Pathological Physiology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar Education City Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar

Museum of Literature in Moravia Rajhrad Czech Republic

Predictive Preventive Personalised Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn Bonn Germany

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