Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.

Biomedical Research Center SAS Cancer Research Institute Bratislava Slovakia

Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences 845 05 Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Gynecologic Oncology Norwegian Radium Hospital Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

Department of Immunology and School of Medicine Keimyung University Dalseo Gu Daegu 42601 Korea

Department of Medical Biology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava 03601 Martin Slovakia

Department of Microbiology College of Basic Sciences Shahr e Qods Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

Department of Natural Drugs Faculty of Pharmacy Masaryk University 612 42 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava 036 01 Martin Slovakia

Department of Pathology St Elisabeth Oncology Institute 812 50 Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar Education City Qatar Foundation P O Box 24144 Doha Qatar

Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn Bonn Germany

Institute for Health and Sport Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia

OBGY Health and Care Ltd 01001 Zilina Slovakia

Predictive Preventive and Personalised Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn Bonn Germany

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