Health-threatening consequences of carcinogen exposure are mediated via occurrence of electrophiles or reactive oxygen species. As a result, the accumulation of biomolecular damage leads to the cancer initiation, promotion or progression. Accordingly, there is an association between lifestyle factors including inappropriate diet or carcinogen formation during food processing, mainstream, second or third-hand tobacco smoke and other environmental or occupational carcinogens and malignant transformation. Nevertheless, increasing evidence supports the protective effects of naturally occurring phytochemicals against carcinogen exposure as well as carcinogenesis in general. Isolated phytochemicals or their mixtures present in the whole plant food demonstrate efficacy against malignancy induced by carcinogens widely spread in our environment. Phytochemicals also minimize the generation of carcinogenic substances during the processing of meat and meat products. Based on numerous data, selected phytochemicals or plant foods should be highly recommended to become a stable and regular part of the diet as the protectors against carcinogenesis.

2nd Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and St Anne's University Hospital Brno Czech Republic

Department of Immunology and School of Medicine Keimyung University Dalseo Gu Daegu Korea

Department of Internal Medicine Brothers of Mercy Hospital Polni 3 63900 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Medical Biology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Mala Hora 4 Martin 036 01 Slovakia

Department of Natural Drugs Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Czech Republic

Department of Natural Sciences Medico Social Institute St Petersburg Russia

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar Education City Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar

Department of Thoracic Surgery Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland

Division of Oncology Biomedical Center Martin Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

Faculty of Medicine University of Oviedo Central University Hospital of Asturias Oviedo Spain

School of Biotechnology and Cryogenic Systems ITMO University St Petersburg Russia

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