The effect of dietary administered young barley containing a mixture of phytochemicals to female rats for the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis was evaluated. After carcinogen administration (14 wk), mammary tumors were removed and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, in vitro evaluation of possible mechanisms in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was performed. Barley (0.3%) demonstrated mild antitumor effect in mammary carcinogenesis, yet 3% barley did not further improve this effect. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat tumor cells in treated groups showed significant increase in caspase-3 expression and significant reduction in Ki67 expression. In addition, 3% barley significantly decreased dityrosine levels versus control. Barley in higher dose significantly decreased serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats. In vitro studies showed that barley significantly decreased survival of MCF-7 cells in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and significantly decreased 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine incorporation versus control. Barley prevented cell cycle progression and extended incubation with barley showed significant increase in the percentage of annexin V/propidium iodide-positive MCF-7 cells. Our results propose an antitumor effect for the mixture of phytochemicals present in young barley in a breast cancer model.

b Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine P J Šafárik University Košice Slovakia

c Department of Pathology Slovak Medical University and St Elisabeth Oncology Institute Bratislava

Department of Medical Biology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

e Department of Anatomy Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

f Department of Natural Drugs Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Czech Republic

g Department of Quality of Agricultural Products Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic

h Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR v v i Prague Czech Republic

i The Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management College of Health and Biomedicine Victoria University Melbourne Victoria Australia

j Department of Medical Biochemistry Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

k Department of Histology and Embryology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

l Department of Veterans Affairs Washington DC USA

Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics Central Laboratories Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Czech Republic

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