Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and metastatic CRC is a fatal disease. The CRC-affected tissues show several molecular markers that could be used as a fresh strategy to create newer methods of treating the condition. The liver and the peritoneum are where metastasis occurs most frequently. Once the tumor has metastasized to the liver, peritoneal carcinomatosis is frequently regarded as the disease's final stage. However, nearly 50% of CRC patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis do not have liver metastases. New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches must be developed due to the disease's poor response to present treatment choices in advanced stages and the necessity of an accurate diagnosis in the early stages. Many unique and amazing nanomaterials with promise for both diagnosis and treatment may be found in nanotechnology. Numerous nanomaterials and nanoformulations, including carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, liposomes, silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, core-shell polymeric nano-formulations, and nano-emulsion systems, among others, can be used for targeted anticancer drug delivery and diagnostic purposes in CRC. Theranostic approaches combined with nanomedicine have been proposed as a revolutionary approach to improve CRC detection and treatment. This review highlights recent studies, potential, and challenges for the development of nanoplatforms for the detection and treatment of CRC.

Department of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Department of Surgery University Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 80 323 00 Pilsen Czech Republic

Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 1665 76 323 00 Pilsen Czech Republic

Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 1665 76 323 00 Pilsen Czech Republic

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