UNLABELLED: Addiction, including substance use disorder (SUD), is a complex condition that can cause serious health problems and negatively affect patient quality of life. Physical activity is known to improve the physical and mental health of patients with SUD. This study aims to determine the relationship between regular physical activity (RPA) and quality of life in SUD patients enrolled in inpatient SUD treatment (n = 159). We divided patients into four groups based on their RPA before and during hospitalization. The SF-36 self-report questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. We found that SUD patients had worse quality of life than a representative sample of the Czech population. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RPA before and during hospitalization and changes during hospitalization affect the perception of quality of life of patients with SUDs. Additionally, physically active patients showed significantly better quality of life than inactive patients. However, patients who initiated RPA during hospitalization reported worse quality of life than those who did not; in addition, this group of patients reported the worst quality of life across the most monitored parameters. We suggest that these patients represent the most vulnerable group. Changes in physical activity habits could be considered an indicator for a more intensive therapeutic focus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04402-w.

3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Ruská 87 100 00 Prague 10 Czech Republic

Department of Addictology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University General University Hospital Prague Kateřinská 1660 32 121 08 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Department of Psychiatry 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague General University Hospital Prague Kateřinská 1660 32 121 08 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice Centre for Psychosomatic Therapy and Rehabilitation PN Bohnice Ústavní 91 181 02 Prague Czech Republic

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