This review article brings a comprehensive survey of developments and applications of high-performance capillary and microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, micropreparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides in the period from 2021 up to ca. the middle of 2023. Progress in the study of electromigration properties of peptides and various aspects of their analysis, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, electroosmotic flow regulation, and detection, are presented. New developments in the particular capillary electromigration methods are demonstrated, and several types of their applications are reported. They cover qualitative and quantitative analysis of synthetic or isolated peptides and determination of peptides in complex biomatrices, peptide profiling of biofluids and tissues, and monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes of peptides. They include also amino acid and sequence analysis of peptides, peptide mapping of proteins, separation of stereoisomers of peptides, and their chiral analyses. In addition, micropreparative separations and physicochemical characterization of peptides and their interactions with other (bio)molecules by the above CE methods are described.

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czechia

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Duroux C, Hagege A. Interactions between copper(II) and beta-amyloid peptide using capillary electrophoresis-ICP-MS: Kd measurements at the nanogram scale. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2022;414:5347-55.

Miyabe K, Inaba S, Umeda M. A study on attempt for determination of permeation kinetics of coumarin at lipid bilayer of liposomes by using capillary electrophoresis with moment analysis theory. J Chromatogr A. 2023;1687:463691.

Mine M, Mizuguchi H, Takayanagi T. Kinetic analyses of two-steps oxidation from l-tyrosine to l-dopaquinone with tyrosinase by capillary electrophoresis/dynamic frontal analysis. Anal Biochem. 2022;655:114856.

Recent Developments in Capillary and Microchip Electroseparations of Peptides (2023-mid 2025)