Various medicinal plants find their use in cough treatment, based on traditions and long-term experience. Pharmacological principles of their action, however, are much less known. Herbal drugs usually contain a mixture of potentially active compounds, which can manifest diverse effects. Expectorant or antitussive effects, which can be accompanied by others, such as anti-inflammatory or antibacterial, are probably the most important in the treatment of coughs. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants or their constituents on cough, based on reliable pharmacological studies. First, a comprehensive description of each effect is provided in order to explain the possible mechanism of action in detail. Next, the results related to individual plants and substances are summarized and critically discussed based on pharmacological in vivo and in vitro investigation.

Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Charles University Prague Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Pécs Pécs Hungary

Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany Faculty of Pharmacy Comenius University Bratislava Bratislava Slovak Republic

Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Pécs Pécs Hungary

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Charles University Prague Hradec Králové Czech Republic

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