Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to the overall cardiovascular burden and thus deserve attention. The present article is a systematic overview of drugs that may induce distinct cardiovascular toxicity. The compounds are classified into agents that have significant effects on the heart, blood vessels, or both. The mechanism(s) of toxic action are discussed and treatment modalities are briefly mentioned in relevant cases. Due to the large number of clinically relevant compounds discussed, this article could be of interest to a broad audience including pharmacologists and toxicologists, pharmacists, physicians, and medicinal chemists. Particular emphasis is given to clinically relevant topics including the cardiovascular toxicity of illicit sympathomimetic drugs (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines, cathinones), drugs that prolong the QT interval, antidysrhythmic drugs, digoxin and other cardioactive steroids, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, female hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compounds encompassing anthracyclines and novel targeted therapy interfering with the HER2 or the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway.

Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Charles University Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Charles University Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Charles University Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA

Department of Radiology and Toxicology Faculty of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Oncogynaecologic Center Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital Ostrava Czech Republic

UCIBIO REQUIMTE Laboratory of Toxicology Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy University of Porto Porto Portugal

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