The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is an important tool for biological invasion policy and management and has been adopted as an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) standard to measure the severity of environmental impacts caused by organisms living outside their native ranges. EICAT has already been incorporated into some national and local decision-making procedures, making it a particularly relevant resource for addressing the impact of non-native species. Recently, some of the underlying conceptual principles of EICAT, particularly those related to the use of the precautionary approach, have been challenged. Although still relatively new, guidelines for the application and interpretation of EICAT will be periodically revisited by the IUCN community, based on scientific evidence, to improve the process. Some of the criticisms recently raised are based on subjectively selected assumptions that cannot be generalized and may harm global efforts to manage biological invasions. EICAT adopts a precautionary principle by considering a species' impact history elsewhere because some taxa have traits that can make them inherently more harmful. Furthermore, non-native species are often important drivers of biodiversity loss even in the presence of other pressures. Ignoring the precautionary principle when tackling the impacts of non-native species has led to devastating consequences for human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystems, as well as poor management outcomes, and thus to significant economic costs. EICAT is a relevant tool because it supports prioritization and management of non-native species and meeting and monitoring progress toward the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Target 6.

Uso de la Clasificación de Impacto Ambiental de los Taxones Exóticos de la UICN para la toma de decisiones Resumen La Clasificación de Impacto Ambiental de los Taxones Exóticos (EICAT, en inglés) es una herramienta importante para las políticas y manejo de las invasiones biológicas y ha sido adoptada como un estándar de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) para medir la seriedad del impacto ambiental causado por los organismos que viven fuera de su extensión nativa. La EICAT ya ha sido incorporada a algunos procedimientos locales y nacionales de toma de decisiones, lo que la vuelve un recurso particularmente relevante para abordar el impacto de las especies no nativas. Algunos principios conceptuales subyacentes de la EICAT han sido cuestionados recientemente, en particular aquellos relacionados con el uso del principio de precaución. Aunque todavía son relativamente nuevas, las directrices para la aplicación e interpretación de la EICAT tendrán una revisión periódica, basada en evidencia científica, por parte de la comunidad de la UICN para mejorar el proceso. Algunas de las críticas recientes están basadas en suposiciones seleccionadas subjetivamente que no pueden generalizarse y podrían perjudicar los esfuerzos globales para manejar las invasiones biológicas. La EICAT adopta un principio de precaución cuando considera el historial de impacto de una especie en cualquier otro lugar ya que algunos taxones tienen características que podrían volverlos más dañinos. Además, las especies no nativas suelen ser factores de pérdida de bidiversidad, incluso bajo otras presiones. Cuando ignoramos el principio de precaución al abordar el impacto de las especies no nativas, hay consecuencias devastadoras para el bienestar humano, la biodiversidad y los ecosistemas, así como resultados pobres de conservación, y por lo tanto con costos económicos importantes. La EICAT es una herramienta relevante porque respalda la priorización y el manejo de las especies no nativas y ayuda con el cumplimiento y monitoreo del progreso para llegar al objetivo 6 del Marco Mundial de Biodiversidad Kunming‐Montreal.

Austrian Research Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape Vienna Austria

Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany

Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team Science and Data Centre International Union for Conservation of Nature Cambridge UK

Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK

Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa

Centre for Invasion Biology Institute for Biodiversity Yunnan University Kunming China

Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy

Department of Biology University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy

Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland

Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Torino Italy

Department of Natural Sciences Ovidius University of Constanta Constanta Romania

Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Doñana Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain

Ecologie Systématique et Evolution Université Paris Saclay Gif sur Yvette France

Environment Agency Austria Vienna Austria

Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic

Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK

Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología Zaragoza Spain

ISPRA Rome Italy

IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group Roma Italy

Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Cape Town South Africa

Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany

National Biodiversity Future Centre Palermo Italy

Slovenian Forestry Institute Ljubljana Slovenia

UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford UK

Zoology Discipline School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia

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Considerations for developing and implementing a safe list for alien taxa