PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of the systematic review is to assess AI's capabilities in the genetics of prostate cancer (PCa) and bladder cancer (BCa) to evaluate target groups for such analysis as well as to assess its prospects in daily practice. RECENT FINDINGS: In total, our analysis included 27 articles: 10 articles have reported on PCa and 17 on BCa, respectively. The AI algorithms added clinical value and demonstrated promising results in several fields, including cancer detection, assessment of cancer development risk, risk stratification in terms of survival and relapse, and prediction of response to a specific therapy. Besides clinical applications, genetic analysis aided by the AI shed light on the basic urologic cancer biology. We believe, our results of the AI application to the analysis of PCa, BCa data sets will help to identify new targets for urological cancer therapy. The integration of AI in genomic research for screening and clinical applications will evolve with time to help personalizing chemotherapy, prediction of survival and relapse, aid treatment strategies such as reducing frequency of diagnostic cystoscopies, and clinical decision support, e.g., by predicting immunotherapy response. These factors will ultimately lead to personalized and precision medicine thereby improving patient outcomes.

Clinical Institute for Children Health Named After N F Filatov Sechenov University Moscow Russia

Department of Pediatric Surgery Division of Pediatric Urology and Andrology Sechenov University Moscow Russia

Department of Surgery S H Ho Urology Centre The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Department of Urology 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna Währinger Gürtel 18 20 1090 Vienna Austria

Department of Urology Clinico San Carlos University Hospital Madrid Spain

Department of Urology University Hospital Southampton Southampton United Kingdom

Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Dallas TX USA

Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA

Division of Urology Department of Special Surgery Jordan University Hospital The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Division of Urology Rabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel

Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov University Moscow Russia

Institute of Molecular Theranostics Sechenov University Moscow Russia

Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology Vienna Austria

School of Medicine Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins Medicine Baltimore MD USA

Shemyakin Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 117997 Moscow Russia

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