Age-related sarcopenia, resulting from a gradual loss in skeletal muscle mass and strength, is pivotal to the increased prevalence of functional limitation among the older adult community. The purpose of this meta-analysis of individual patient data is to investigate the difference in health-related quality of life between sarcopenic individuals and those without the condition using the Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire. A protocol was published on PROSPERO. Multiple databases and the grey literature were searched until March 2023 for studies reporting quality of life assessed with the SarQoL for patients with and without sarcopenia. Two researchers conducted the systematic review independently. A two-stage meta-analysis was performed. First, crude (mean difference) and adjusted (beta coefficient) effect sizes were calculated within each database; then, a random effect meta-analysis was applied to pool them. Heterogeneity was measured using the Q-test and I2 value. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the source of potential heterogeneity. The strength of evidence of this association was assessed using GRADE. From the 413 studies identified, 32 were eventually included, of which 10 were unpublished data studies. Sarcopenic participants displayed significantly reduced health-related quality of life compared with non-sarcopenic individuals (mean difference = -12.32; 95 % CI = [-15.27; -9.37]). The model revealed significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses revealed a substantial impact of regions, clinical settings, and diagnostic criteria on the difference in health-related quality of life between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic individuals. The level of evidence was moderate. This meta-analysis of individual patient data suggested that sarcopenia is associated with lower health-related quality of life measured with SarQoL.

Bogomolets National Medical University Department of Internal Medicine Kyiv Ukraine

Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania; Fundeni Clinical Institute Bucharest Romania

Clinic of Internal Diseases Family Medicine and Oncology Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania

CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong

Departement of Biomedical Sciences Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Namur Namur Belgium

Departement of Biomedical Sciences Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Namur Namur Belgium; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo Skeletal Health and Ageing Division of Public Health Epidemiology and Health Economics University of Liège Liège Belgium; Department of Health Services Research University of Maastricht Maastricht the Netherlands

Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology School of Medicine Universidade de Marília Marília 17519 030 São Paulo Brazil

Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands

Department of Clinical Nutrition School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran

Department of Geriatric Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Department of Geriatrics North Western State Medical University named after 1 I Mechnikov Russian Federation

Department of Gerontology Federal University of São Carlos Brazil

Department of Health Sciences University of Jaén Jaén Spain

Department of Health Services Research University of Maastricht Maastricht the Netherlands

Department of Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Hungary

Department of Medicine 4 LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Germany

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Inha University Hospital 27 Inhang Ro Jun Gu Incheon 22332 Republic of Korea

Department of Pediatrics Rheumatology Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland

Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Udupi Karnataka 576104 India

Department of Physiotherapy School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences University of Patras Rio Greece

Department of Public Health and Health Management George Emil Palade University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology of Targu Mures Romania

Department of Sports and Health CIPER Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal

Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry University of Valencia Valencia Spain

Hilal Simsek Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Graduate School of Health Sciences Ankara University Ankara Turkey

INSERM UMR 1033 Université de Lyon 5 Place d'Arsonval 69437 Lyon France

Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Clinic Tekirdağ Dr Ismail Fehmi Cumalıoğlu City Hospital Tekirdağ Turkey

Nursing Department Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Dalian Road Huichuan District Zunyi Guizhou China

Sau Po Centre on Ageing Department of Social Work and Social Administration The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

School of Gerontology and Long Term Care College of Nursing Taipei Medical University Taiwan

Servicio de Geriatría Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal IRYCIS Madrid Spain

Siberian State Medical University Department of Pediatrics with Course of Enoccrinology Department of Outpatient Therapy Tomsk Russian Federation

University of Novi Sad Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad Serbia Orthopaedic and Trauma Clinic Novi Sad Serbia

WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo Skeletal Health and Ageing Division of Public Health Epidemiology and Health Economics University of Liège Liège Belgium

Yeni Yüzyıl University Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Istanbul Turkey

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