This study confirms Mount Cameroon as an unprecedented hotspot for the diversity of many-plumed moths, with the discovery and description of nine new species: Alucitafako Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., Alucitapyrczi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., Alucitasroczki Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., Alucitapotockyi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., Alucitasedlaceki Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., Alucitatonda Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., Alucitaerzayi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., Alucitasokolovi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov., and Alucitahirsuta Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. nov. Additionally, four additional species are reported from the Mount Cameroon area as new for the country: Alucitaagassizi, Alucitadohertyi, Alucitaplumigera, and Alucitarhaptica. Of the 89 Alucitidae known from the Afrotropics, the studied area hosts 36 species, most of which are endemic to the area. This unprecedented level of diversity and endemism within this lepidopteran family highlights Mount Cameroon's significance as a stronghold for specialised insect taxa. Efficient conservation efforts are necessary to protect these ecosystems and their associated unique microlepidopteran diversity.

Altai State University Lenina 61 Barnaul RU 656049 Russia Altai State University Russia Barnaul Russia

Biological Institute Tomsk State University Lenina Prospekt 36 Tomsk 634050 Russia Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia

Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 CZ 12843 Prague Czech Republic Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia 48 Moika Emb Saint Petersburg 191186 Russia Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Saint Petersburg Russia

Hungarian Natural History Museum Department of Zoology Baross utca 13 H 1088 Budapest Hungary Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest Hungary

Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská 31 CZ 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Moscow Society of Nature Explorers Moscow Russia Moscow Society of Nature Explorers Moscow Russia

The Nature Conservancy Gabon Impasse Edowangani Libreville Gabon The Nature Conservancy Gabon Libreville Gabon

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Plume moths (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) of a recently discovered lepidopteran diversity hotspot in the Mount Cameroon area, with descriptions of four new species