Unfortunately, the long-awaited revision of the official anatomical nomenclature, the Terminologia Anatomica 2 (TA2), which was issued in 2019 and after a referendum among the Member Societies officially approved by the General Assembly of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists in 2020, is built on a new version of the Regular Anatomical Terminology (RAT) rules. This breaks with many traditional views of terminology. These changes in the Terminologia Anatomica of 1998 (TA98) met great resistance within many European Anatomical Societies and their members are not willing to use terms following the RAT rules. European anatomy teachers and scientists using traditional Latin in their teaching, textbooks and atlases will keep using the TA98. The German Anatomical Society (Anatomische Gesellschaft) recently announced the usage of the TA2023AG in curricular anatomical media such as textbooks and atlases, based on the TA98 and the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA). We are preparing a more extensive improvement of the TA98, called Terminologia Anatomica Humana (TAH). This project is fully based on the noncontroversial terms of TA98, incorporating the recent digital version (2022) of the TNA from 2017. Further, it is completed with many new terms, including those in TA2, along with their definitions and relevant references, clinical terms, and correcting inconsistencies in the TA98. The TAH is still in process, but many chapters are already freely available at the IFAA Website in Fribourg ( https://ifaa.unifr.ch ) as is the digital version of the TNA.

Anatomy Section of Medicine Faculty of Science and Medicine University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland

Centre for Endoscopic Surgical and Clinical Anatomy 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague 5 Czech Republic

Department of Anatomy 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University 5 Úvalu 84 150 06 Prague 5 Czech Republic

Department of Neurology Radboud University Medical School Nijmegen The Netherlands

Donders Institute of Brain Cognition and Evolution Nijmegen The Netherlands

FIPAT Working Group Neuroanatomy Nijmegen The Netherlands

SIB Data Mining Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Geneva Switzerland

Webmaster IFAA Website Fribourg University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland

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