Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules of 200 nucleotides or more in length that are not translated into proteins. Their expression is tissue-specific, with the vast majority involved in the regulation of cellular processes and functions. Many human diseases, including cancer, have been shown to be associated with deregulated lncRNAs, rendering them potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for differential diagnosis. The expression of lncRNAs in the nervous system varies in different cell types, implicated in mechanisms of neurons and glia, with effects on the development and functioning of the brain. Reports have also shown a link between changes in lncRNA molecules and the etiopathogenesis of brain neoplasia, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is an aggressive variant of brain cancer with an unfavourable prognosis and a median survival of 14-16 months. It is considered a brain-specific disease with the highly invasive malignant cells spreading throughout the neural tissue, impeding the complete resection, and leading to post-surgery recurrences, which are the prime cause of mortality. The early diagnosis of GBM could improve the treatment and extend survival, with the lncRNA profiling of biological fluids promising the detection of neoplastic changes at their initial stages and more effective therapeutic interventions. This review presents a systematic overview of GBM-associated deregulation of lncRNAs with a focus on lncRNA fingerprints in patients' blood.

AELIA Organization 9th Km Thessaloniki Thermi 57001 Thessaloniki Greece

Department of Medical Genetics 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Ruská 87 Vinohrady 10000 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Medical Oncology Medway NHS Foundation Trust Gillingham ME7 5NY UK

Faculty of Engineering and Science University of Greenwich London Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB UK

Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College London Strand London WC2R 2LS UK

Faculty of Medicine Health and Social Care Canterbury Christ Church University Canterbury CT2 7PB UK

Faculty of Medicine Tbilisi State University Tbilisi 0177 Georgia

Kent Medway Medical School University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7LX UK

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