OBJECTIVES: Measles cases are increasing remarkably in our country as well as all over the world. In this study, it was aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles cases detected in our hospital, as well as the measles seroprevalence in our region. METHODS: A total of 7,452 individuals whose measles IgG and/or IgM antibodies were studied between December 2021 and March 2023 in the Medical Virology Laboratory in Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Measles IgG and IgM antibodies were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic information, clinical symptoms and laboratory data of the participants were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. RESULTS: A total of 102 measles cases were identified between December 2021 and March 2023. Of these cases, 77 (75.5%) patients were ≤ 18 years old. Of the 73 measles cases with vaccination information, 90% were unvaccinated. The measles seroprevalence rate was 72.8%. The lowest seroprevalence rate (4.8%) among the age groups was found in 8-11-month-old babies, the highest cases rate (35.7%) was detected in this age group. It was determined that measles immunity increased with age (r = 0.276, p < 0.001) and was over 89.3% over the age of 30. CONCLUSIONS: Measles immunity is insufficient in our region and measles remains an important public health problem until the age of 18. The recent increase in measles cases in our country and around the world shows that current vaccination programmes need to be implemented more decisively and strictly.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey

Department of Medical Virology Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey

Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey

Zobrazit více v PubMed

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Factsheet about measles [Internet]. ECDC; 2023 [cited 2023 Jun 18]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/measles/facts.

Dunn JJ, Baldanti F, Puchhammer E, Panning M, Perez O, Harvala H; Pan American Society for Clinical Virology (PASCV) Clinical Practice and Public Policy Committee and the European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV) Executive Committee. Measles is Back - Considerations for laboratory diagnosis. J Clin Virol. 2020 Jul;128:104430. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104430. PubMed DOI

ICTV. Taxon details [Internet]. ICTV [cited 2023 Jul 15]. Available from: https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202101616.

U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles (rubeola) [Internet]. CDC [cited 2023 Jul 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/measles/lab-tools/genetic-analysis.html.

World Health Organization. History of measles vaccine [Internet]. Geneva: WHO [cited 2023 Jul 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-measles-vaccination?topicsurvey=ht7j2q)&gclid=Cj0KCQiA9YugBhCZARIsAACXxeIAc0J1pmO8ETxr7lPmEizgsitVAtHCnn8wX7jOqrx0ed0bEGbP_VUaAlbHEALw_wcB.

Cousins S. Measles: a global resurgence. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Apr;19(4):362-3. DOI

U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles elimination [Internet]. CDC [cited 2023 Jul 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/measles/elimination.html.

Teleb N, Atta H, Hajjeh R. Measles and rubella elimination in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: successes and challenges. East Mediterr Health J. 2019;25(10):667-8. DOI

Cosgun Y, Guldemir D, Coskun A, Yolbakan S, Kalaycioglu AT, Korukluoglu G, et al. The importance of serological and molecular analyses for the diagnosis of measles cases and for meeting elimination targets in Turkey from 2007 to 2015. Epidemiol Infect. 2018 Apr;146(6):735-40. DOI

Caliskan D, Piyal B, Akdur R, Ocaktan ME, Yozgatligil C. An analysis of the incidence of measles in Turkey since 1960. Turk J Med Sci. 2016;46(4):1101-6. DOI

Ministry of Health Vaccine Portal. [Changes made in the vaccination schedule] [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 18]. Available from: https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/asi/asi-takvimi2. Turkish.

Emek M, Islek D, Atasoylu G, Ozbek OA, Ceylan A, Acikgoz A, et al. Association between seroprevalence of measles and various social determinants in the year following a measles outbreak in Turkey. Public Health. 2017;147:51-8. DOI

So H, Kim KM, Bae EY, Cho EY. A measles outbreak in a local children's hospital in Korea, 2019. J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Jan;38(3):e28. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e28. PubMed DOI

World Health Organization. The global health observatory. Measles number of reported cases [Internet]. Geneva: WHO [cited 2023 Jul 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/measles - number-of-reported-cases.

U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Global measles outbreaks [Internet]. Atlanta: CDC [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/data/global-measles-outbreaks.html.

Angelo KM, Gastañaduy PA, Walker AT, Patel M, Reef S, Lee CV, et al. Spread of measles in Europe and implications for US Travelers. Pediatrics. 2019 Jul;144(1):e20190414. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-0414. PubMed DOI

Öztaş D, Kurt B, Akbaba M, Akyol M, Mollahaliloğlu S, Topaç O. Vaccination rates for Syrian population under temporary protection in Turkey. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jun;28(2):130-4. DOI

Tanir G, Yalçinkaya R. [Re-emergence of measles in the world and our country: causes and consequences]. KLIMIK Derg. 2022;35(3):120-5. Turkish. DOI

Di Pietro ML, Poscia A, Teleman AA, Maged D, Ricciardi W. Vaccine hesitancy: parental, professional and public responsibility. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2017 Apr-Jun;53(2):157-62.

López-Perea N, Fernández-García A, Echevarría JE, de Ory F, Pérez-Olmeda M, Masa-Calles J. Measles in vaccinated people: epidemiology and challenges in surveillance and diagnosis in the post-elimination phase. Spain, 2014-2020. Viruses. 2021 Oct 2;13(10):1982. doi: 10.3390/v13101982. PubMed DOI

Yürüyen C, Tosun BY, Aksaray S. [Investigation of measles seroprevalance in young adults in our service area in Istanbul province]. Türk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg. 2022 52(2):131-4. Turkish. DOI

Kang HJ, Han YW, Kim SJ, Kim YJ, Kim AR, Kim JA, et al. An increasing, potentially measles-susceptible population over time after vaccination in Korea. Vaccine. 2017 Jul 24;35(33):4126-32. DOI

Chang HH, Kim SW, Kwon KT, Kim HI, Kim MJ, Ryu SY, et al. Preliminary report of seroprevalence of anti-measles immunoglobulin G among healthcare workers of 6 teaching hospitals of Daegu, Korea in 2019. Infect Chemother. 2019 Mar;51(1):54-7. DOI

Anichini G, Gandolfo C, Fabrizi S, Miceli GB, Terrosi C, Gori Savellini G, et al. Seroprevalence to measles virus after vaccination or natural infection in an adult population, in Italy. Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Feb 3;8(1):66. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010066. PubMed DOI

Doornekamp L, Comvalius AD, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Slobbe L, Scherbeijn SMJ, van Genderen PJJ, et al. Measles seroprevalence among Dutch travelling families. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2021 Nov-Dec;44:102194. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102194. PubMed DOI

Mathew JL, Riopelle D, Ratho RK, Bharti B, Singh MP, Suri V, et al. Measles seroprevalence in persons over one year of age in Chandigarh, India. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 30;18(6):2136453. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2136453. PubMed DOI

Nogareda F, Gunregjav N, Sarankhuu A, Munkhbat E, Ichinnorov E, Nymadawa P, et al. Measles and rubella IgG seroprevalence in persons 6 month-35 years of age, Mongolia, 2016. Vaccine. 2020 May 27;38(26):4200-8. DOI

Karaayvaz S, Oğuz MM, Beyazova U, Korukluoğlu G, Coşgun Y, Güzelküçük Z, et al. Evaluation of measles immunity in Turkey: is it still a threat? Turk J Med Sci. 2019 Feb 11;49(1):336-40. DOI

Nsubuga EJ, Morukileng J, Namayanja J, Kadobera D, Nsubuga F, Kyamwine IB, et al. Measles outbreak in Semuto Subcounty, Nakaseke District, Uganda, June-August 2021. IJID Reg. 2022 Sep 5;5:44-50. DOI

Bianchi S, Gori M, Fappani C, Ciceri G, Canuti M, Colzani D, et al. Characterization of vaccine breakthrough cases during measles outbreaks in Milan and surrounding Areas, Italy, 2017-2021. Viruses. 2022 May 17;14(5):1068. doi: 10.3390/v14051068. DOI

Haralambieva IH, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Whitaker JA, Poland GA. Variability in humoral immunity to measles vaccine: new developments. Trends Mol Med. 2015;21(12):789-801. DOI