In contrast to the validated scales for face-to-face assessment of negative symptoms, no widely accepted tools currently exist for remote monitoring of negative symptoms. Remote assessment of negative symptoms can be broadly divided into 3 categories: (1) remote administration of an existing negative-symptom scale by a clinician, in real time, using videoconference technology to communicate with the patient; (2) direct inference of negative symptoms through detection and analysis of the patient's voice, appearance, or activity by way of the patient's smartphone or other device; and (3) ecological momentary assessment, in which the patient self-reports their condition upon receipt of periodic prompts from a smartphone or other device during their daily routine. These modalities vary in cost, technological complexity, and applicability to the different negative-symptom domains. Each modality has unique strengths, weaknesses, and issues with validation. As a result, an optimal solution may be more likely to employ several techniques than to use a single tool. For remote assessment of negative symptoms to be adopted as primary or secondary endpoints in regulated clinical trials, appropriate psychometric standards will need to be met. Standards for substituting 1 set of measures for another, as well as what constitutes a "gold" reference standard, will need to be precisely defined and a process for defining them developed. Despite over 4 decades of progress toward this goal, significant work remains to be done before clinical trials addressing negative symptoms can utilize remotely assessed secondary or primary outcome measures.

Denovo BioPharma San Diego CA USA

Independent Expert Philadelphia PA USA

Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

Minerva Neurosciences Inc Burlington MA USA

Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg NY USA

Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc Princeton NJ USA

Research Service Bruce W Carter VA Medical Center Miami FL USA

Semel Institute for Neuroscience at UCLA and the VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center Los Angeles CA USA

Signant Health Mclean VA USA

Signant Health Prague Czech Republic

SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY USA

University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA

University of Miami Miami FL USA

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

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