Leptospirosis is a widespread infection among pigs throughout the world. In most cases in Ukraine, only the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals. In general, during the period of 2001-2019, 2 381 163 samples of blood sera from swine were tested in our country and 85 338 positive reactions were received, which is 3.58% [binomial confidence intervals (BCI), 3.56-3.61%]. It was established that the serovars copenhageni - 33.91% (BCI, 33.59-34.23%), bratislava - 14.14% (BCI, 13.90-14.37%), pomona - 8.58% (BCI, 8.39-8.77%), and tarassovi - 7.12% (BCI, 6.95-7.30%) play a leading role in the aetiological structure of swine leptospirosis. A large number of positive reactions to several serovars was observed - 29.78% (BCI, 29.47-30.09%) of the total number of positive cases. In addition, the article presents data according to a retrospective analysis of the eight serovars circulating among pigs in Ukraine. Thus, during the nineteen year period, there was a decrease in the number of positive reactions to bratislava, pomona, and tarassovi and an increase in the number of positive reactions to copenhageni, polonica, and kabura. Mapping Ukraine's territory for leptospirosis among pigs was carried out. This allows one to identify zones with a risk of leptospirosis infections among swine. The maps show that the highest incidence rates were identified in the eastern and central parts of Ukraine.

Department of Epizootology State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise Kyiv Ukraine

Department of Immunological Research State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise Kyiv Ukraine

Department of Organization of Scientific and International Work State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise Kyiv Ukraine

State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise Kyiv Ukraine

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Adler B. Vaccines against leptospirosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015;387:251-72. PubMed

Allan KJ, Biggs HM, Halliday JE, Kazwala RR, Maro VP, Cleaveland S, Crump JA. Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Africa: A systematic review of a neglected zoonosis and a paradigm for ‘one health’ in Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Sep 14;9(9):e0003899. Erratum in: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Mar;10(3):e0004552. PubMed PMC

Bertasio C, Papetti A, Scaltriti E, Tagliabue S, D’Incau M, Boniotti MB. Serological survey and molecular typing reveal new Leptospira serogroup pomona strains among pigs of Northern Italy. Pathogens. 2020 Apr 29;9(5):332. PubMed PMC

Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM; Peru-United States Leptospirosis Consortium. Leptospirosis: A zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;3(12):757-71. PubMed

Boey K, Shiokawa K, Rajeev S. Leptospira infection in rats: A literature review of global prevalence and distribution. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Aug 9;13(8):e0007499. PubMed PMC

Cilia G, Bertelloni F, Fratini F. Leptospira infections in domestic and wild animals. Pathogens. 2020 Jul;9(7):573. PubMed PMC

Ellis WA. Animal leptospirosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015;387:99-137. PubMed

Felix CR, Siedler BS, Barbosa LN, Timm GR, McFadden J, McBride AJA. An overview of human leptospirosis vaccine design and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2020 Feb;15(2):179-88. PubMed

Goarant C. Leptospirosis: Risk factors and management challenges in developing countries. Res Rep Trop Med. 2016 Sep 28;7:49-62. PubMed PMC

Guglielmini J, Bourhy P, Schiettekatte O, Zinini F, Brisse S, Picardeau M. Genus-wide Leptospira core genome multilocus sequence typing for strain taxonomy and global surveillance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Apr 26;13(4):e0007374. Erratum in: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Aug 21; 14(8):e0008673. PubMed PMC

Koizumi N. Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis. Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2134:277-87. PubMed

Kucheriavenko OO, Ukhovskyi VV, Aleksieieva HB. [Etiological structure of leptospirosis in pig farms in Ukraine]. J Vet Biotech. 2005 Oct;6:98-102. Ukrainian.

Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food. [Instructions on preventive measures and healing animals from leptospirosis] [Internet]. 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 30]. Available from: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ru/z0055-94. Ukrainian.

Ngugi JN, Fevre EM, Mgode GF, Obonyo M, Mhamphi GG, Otieno CA, Cook EAJ. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in slaughter pigs; a neglected public health risk, western Kenya. BMC Vet Res. 2019 Nov 8; 15(1):403. PubMed PMC

Petrakovsky J. Leptospirosis. In: OIE manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Paris: Office International des Epizooties; 2021. p. 1-13.

Petri FAM, Sonalio K, de Souza Almeida HM, Mechler-Dreibi ML, Galdeano JVB, Mathias LA, de Oliveira LG. Cross-sectional study of Leptospira spp. in commercial pig farms in the state of Goias, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020 Nov 19;53(1):13. PubMed

Piotrovych VA, Ukhovskyi VV, Aleksieieva HB. [Substantiation of expediency of expansion of a set of diagnostic strains of Leptospira at diagnosis of leptospirosis of pigs in MAT]. J Vet Biotech. 2006 Apr;9:213-9. Ukrainian.

Piotrovych VA, Kucheriavenko OO, Kucheriavenko OO, Ukhovskyi VV. [Means of specific prevention of leptospirosis in animals in Ukraine]. J Vet Med Ukr. 2008 Oct; 8:39-42. Ukrainian.

Poudel A, Hoque MM, Madere S, Bolds S, Price S, Barua S, Adekanmbi F, Kalalah A, Kitchens S, Brown V, Wang C, Lockaby BG. Molecular and serological prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) and their habitats in Alabama, USA. Pathogens. 2020 Oct 20;9(10):857. PubMed PMC

Pyskun A, Ukhovskyi V, Pyskun O, Nedosekov V, Kovalenko V, Nychyk S, Sytiuk M, Iwaniak W. Presence of antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in serum samples from cattle in Ukraine. Pol J Microbiol. 2019 Sep;68(3):295-302. PubMed PMC

Samir A, Soliman R, El-Hariri M, Abdel-Moein K, Hatem ME. Leptospirosis in animals and human contacts in Egypt: Broad range surveillance. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2015 May-Jun;48(3):272-7. PubMed

Ukhovskyi VV, Kucheryavenko OO, Kulykova VV, Aliekseieva GB, Gerilovych AP, Nedosekov VV, Potkonjak A. Prevalence and dynamics of the etiological structure of leptospirosis in cattle in Ukraine. Vet glasnik. 2014 May;68(1-2):23-30.

Vincent AT, Schiettekatte O, Goarant C, Neela VK, Bernet E, Thibeaux R, Ismail N, Mohd Khalid MKN, Amran F, Masuzawa T, Nakao R, Amara Korba A, Bourhy P, Veyrier FJ, Picardeau M. Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 May 23; 13(5):e0007270. PubMed PMC

Zhang C, Xu J, Zhang T, Qiu H, Li Z, Zhang E, Li S, Chang YF, Guo X, Jiang X, Zhu Y. Genetic characteristics of pathogenic Leptospira in wild small animals and livestock in Jiangxi Province, China, 2002-2015. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Jun 24;13(6):e0007513. PubMed PMC

Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Mehmood K, Liu J, McDonough SP, Tang Z, Chang YF. Leptospirosis trends in China, 2007–2018: A retrospective observational study. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020 May;67(3):1119-28. PubMed