The prevalence of centenarians, people who lived 100 years and longer, is steadily growing in the last decades. This exceptional longevity is based on multifaceted processes influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sex, (epi-)genetic factors, gut microbiota, cellular metabolism, exposure to oxidative stress, immune status, cardiovascular risk factors, environmental factors, and lifestyle behavior. Epidemiologically, the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases is reduced in healthy centenarians along with late onset of age-related diseases compared with the general aged population. Understanding the mechanisms that affect vascular ageing in centenarians and the underlying factors could offer valuable insights for developing strategies to improve overall healthy life span in the elderly. This review discusses these key factors influencing vascular ageing and how their modulation could foster healthy longevity.
- MeSH
- dlouhověkost * fyziologie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci patofyziologie epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- stárnutí * fyziologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra fyziologie MeSH
- zdravé stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, highly structured, and dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in the progression of both primary and metastatic tumors. Precise assessment of the dynamic spatiotemporal features of the TME is crucial for understanding cancer evolution and designing effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease, influenced not only by the TME, but also by a multitude of systemic factors, including whole-body metabolism, gut microbiome, endocrine signaling, and circadian rhythm. In this review, we summarize the intrinsic, extrinsic, and systemic factors contributing to the formation of 'cold' tumors within the framework of the cancer-immunity cycle. Correspondingly, we discuss potential strategies for converting 'cold' tumors into 'hot' ones to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
- MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * imunologie MeSH
- nádory * patologie terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devastating intestinal diseases observed in preterm in the first days of life. Researchers have recently focused on potential predictive biomarkers for early and concomitant diagnoses. Thus, we inquired about the linkage of intestinal dysbiosis, one of the most important factors in NEC development to the gut microbiota. In this study, the systematic differences in the bacterial composition between neonates affected by NEC and healthy newborns were highlighted by metagenomic analysis. The next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene and gene-specific qPCR analyzed the untargeted gut microbiota. Total bacteria, total and fecal coliform loads in stool samples with NEC were higher than control. OTU-level relative abundances of NEC infant was characterized by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at phylum levels. At the genus level, NEC stool was identified by the lack of Klebsiella and the presence of Roseburia, Blautia, and Parasutterella. Finally, Clostridium fessum was the predominant species of Clostridium genus in disease and healthy specimens at the species level, whereas Clostridium jeddahitimonense was at NEC diagnosis. Despite a strong relationship between pathophysiology and characterization of gut microbiota at a clinical diagnosis of NEC, our results emphasize the broad difficulty in identifying potential biomarkers.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- dysbióza mikrobiologie MeSH
- feces * mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metagenomika MeSH
- nekrotizující enterokolitida * mikrobiologie MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is increasingly adopted in centers worldwide, with ongoing refinements to enhance results. This study aims to assess the current state of RAMIE worldwide and to identify potential areas for improvement. METHODS: This descriptive study analyzed prospective data from esophageal cancer patients who underwent transthoracic RAMIE in Upper GI International Robotic Association (UGIRA) centers. Main endpoints included textbook outcome rate, surgical techniques, and perioperative outcomes. Analyses were performed separately for intrathoracic (Ivor-Lewis) and cervical anastomosis (McKeown), divided into three time cohorts (2016-2018, 2019-2020, 2021-2023). A sensitivity analysis was conducted with cases after the learning curve (> 70 cases). RESULTS: Across 28 UGIRA centers, 2012 Ivor-Lewis and 1180 McKeown procedures were performed. Over the time cohorts, textbook outcome rates were 39%, 48%, and 49% for Ivor-Lewis, and 49%, 63%, and 61% for McKeown procedures, respectively. Fully robotic procedures accounted for 66%, 51%, and 60% of Ivor-Lewis procedures, and 53%, 81%, and 66% of McKeown procedures. Lymph node yield showed 27, 30, and 30 nodes in Ivor-Lewis procedures, and 26, 26, and 34 nodes in McKeown procedures. Furthermore, high mediastinal lymphadenectomy was performed in 65%, 43%, and 37%, and 70%, 48%, and 64% of Ivor-Lewis and McKeown procedures, respectively. Anastomotic leakage rates were 22%, 22%, and 16% in Ivor-Lewis cases, and 14%, 12%, and 11% in McKeown cases. Hospital stay was 13, 14, and 13 days for Ivor-Lewis procedures, and 12, 9, and 11 days for McKeown procedures. In Ivor-Lewis and McKeown, respectively, the sensitivity analysis revealed textbook outcome rates of 43%, 54%, and 51%, and 47%, 64%, and 64%; anastomotic leakage rates of 28%, 18%, and 15%, and 13%, 11%, and 10%; and hospital stay of 11, 12, and 12 days, and 10, 9, and 9 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates favorable outcomes over time in achieving textbook outcome after RAMIE. Areas for improvement include a reduction of anastomotic leakage and shortening of hospital stay.
- MeSH
- ezofagektomie * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- nádory jícnu * chirurgie patologie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- roboticky asistované výkony * metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain. INTRODUCTION: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest. METHODS: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in serum and stool samples. We also assessed all participants using a battery of psychological questionnaires and tested possible correlations between the collected clinical data and the composition and diversity of their microbiomes and metabolites. RESULTS: We identified four bacterial amplicon sequencing variants that were differentially abundant in non-impulsive versus impulsive women - the genera Bacteroides, Barnesiella, and the order Rhodospirillales were more abundant in impulsive women. In contrast, the genus Catenisphaera was more abundant in non-impulsive women. Fecal tryptophan levels were significantly higher in impulsive women. Association analysis revealed a strong positive intercorrelation between most fecal SCFAs in the entire dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated possible associations between gut microbiomes and their metabolites and impulsive behavior in a unique cohort of prisoners convicted of violent assaults and a matched group of non-impulsive women from the same prison. Genus Bacteroides, which was differentially abundant in the two groups, encoded enzymes that affect serotonin pathways and could contribute to this maladaptive behavior. Similarly, increased fecal tryptophan levels in impulsive individuals could affect neuronal circuits in the brain.
- MeSH
- agrese fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- feces * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- impulzivní chování * fyziologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie MeSH
- tryptofan krev metabolismus MeSH
- zločinci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) pose a formidable challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to their complex pathogenesis, significant morbidity, and mortality. Scope and Approach: This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the central role of the microbiotagut- brain axis (MGBA) in ND pathogenesis. Specifically, it delves into the perturbations within the gut microbiota and its metabolomic landscape, as well as the structural and functional transformations of the gastrointestinal and blood-brain barrier interfaces in ND patients. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in medicinal and dietary interventions tailored to modulate the MGBA for ND therapy. CONCLUSION: Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in ND pathogenesis through the MGBA. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and associated metabolites instigate structural modifications and augmented permeability of both the gastrointestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These alterations facilitate the transit of microbial molecules from the gut to the brain via neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, potentially contributing to the etiology of NDs. Numerous investigational strategies, encompassing prebiotic and probiotic interventions, pharmaceutical trials, and dietary adaptations, are actively explored to harness the microbiota for ND treatment. This work endeavors to enhance our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms underpinning ND pathogenesis, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic modalities targeting these debilitating disorders.
- MeSH
- dysbióza metabolismus MeSH
- hematoencefalická bariéra metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek * metabolismus MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci * mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- osa mozek-střevo * fyziologie MeSH
- probiotika MeSH
- stárnutí * MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Introduction: Venous thrombosis is a common cause of flap failure. Performing a second vein anastomosis provides a backup channel for draining. However, this may not be useful in circumstances of vessel kinking and compression. When a flap is compromised, there is a decrease in glucose levels and an increase in anabolic metabolites like lactate. In our study, we measured the ratio of flap/peripheral sugar levels (glucose index – GI) as a metabolic indicator and assessed flap perfusion after the second vein anastomosis. Materials and methods: This was a single-centre prospective cohort study. Based on the inclusion criteria, eligible patients reconstructed with a free flap (anterolateral thigh flap / radial forearm flap / fibula flap) were included in the study. Results: In our series, the mean flap sugar levels after the first and the second vein anastomoses were 116.60 mg/dL and 131.5 mg/dL, respectively. There was an increase in the flap sugar level after the second vein anastomosis. This increase was found statistically significant (P = 0.009), suggestive of better perfusion. In this study, the flap/peripheral glucose level (GI) ratios after the first and the second vein anastomoses were 0.90 and 0.99, respectively. The increase in this ratio after the second vein anastomosis indicated better flap perfusion after a double vein anastomosis. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a better perfusion after a double vein anastomosis.
Střevní mikrobiom je právem označovaný jako neviditelný orgán, který významně ovlivňuje lidský organismus po celý jeho život. Procesů, na kterých se podílí, je mnoho. Kromě dobře známé role v oblasti trávení dále ovlivňuje maturaci imunitního systému, metabolické programování a propojuje i poměrně vzdálené orgány (např. osa střevo–mozek). Vývoj střevního mikrobiomu začíná záhy po narození a působící faktory můžeme rozdělit na modifikovatelné (výživa, antibiotická léčba, prostředí) a neovlivnitelné (gestační stáří, způsob porodu). Alterace střevního mikrobiomu těmito faktory je spojována jak s krátkodobou, tak dlouhodobou morbiditou. Cílem současného výzkumu je porozumět nejen vývoji samotnému, ale i všem činitelům, které mohou do tohoto přirozeného procesu zasahovat. Poznání a pochopení komplexity střevního mikrobiomu nám umožní činit taková medicínská rozhodnutí, která budou mít pro novorozence značné benefity. Tento přehledový článek přináší vhled do problematiky vzniku a vývoje střevního mikrobiomu a s tím spojené možné klinické aspekty u donošeného i nedonošeného novorozence. Součástí našeho sdělení jsou i doporučení, která vycházejí ze současného poznání, k ovlivnění negativních následků alterace střevního mikrobiomu v tomto křehkém období.
Gut microbiome is regarded as an invisible organ influencing the human organism throughout the entire lifespan. Microbiome determines various physiological processes including immune system maturation, metabolic programming and furthermore, facilitates connections even between relatively distant organs (e.g. gut-brain axis). Its development begins shortly after birth and is modified by various aspects. We can categorize them into modifiable (antibiotic treatment, diet) and non-modifiable factors (gestational age, delivery mode). Intestinal alteration caused by these influencing factors might contribute to short-term and long-term morbidity. Our objective is to comprehend the microbiome development itself and its modifying factors. Understanding the microbiome complexity could help us make such medical decisions to outweigh negative sequelae of an early gut alteration. This review presents topics concerning microbiome origin and its development along with potential clinical aspects in term and preterm newborn. We also include recommendations for parents and health care professionals regarding possible attitudes, based on current scientific knowledge, to diminish early gut microbiome alterations.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunitní systém mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený imunologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- osa mozek-střevo fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Mezinárodní panel odborníků vydal společné konsenzuální stanovisko k možnostem klinického využití analýzy střevního mikrobiomu s jednoznačným závěrem: Mikrobiom je důležitou složkou lidského těla a jeho stav nezpochybnitelně souvisí s lidským zdravím. Metodika analýzy složení mikrobiomu však dosud nebyla standardizována a interpretace výsledků vzhledem ke zdraví jedince zatím není dostatečně průkazná. Terapeutické poradenství na základě výsledku testování mikrobiomu se důrazně nedoporučuje. Pro široké použití v klinické praxi je nutný další výzkum.
The international panel of experts has issued a joint consensus opinion on the possibilities of clinical use of gut microbiome analysis with an unequivocal conclusion: The microbiome is an important component of the human body, and its condition is indisputably related to human health. However, the methodology of microbiome composition analysis has not yet been standardized and the interpretation of the results regarding the health of the individual is not yet sufficiently conclusive. Therapeutic counseling based on the results of microbiome testing is strongly discouraged. Further research is required for widespread use in clinical practice.
