Xray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable experiments that would have been impractical or impossible at conventional X-ray laser facilities. Indeed, more XFEL facilities are being built and planned, with their aim to deliver larger pulse energies and higher peak brilliance. While seeking to increase the pulse power, it is quintessential to consider the maximum pulse fluence that a grazing-incidence FEL mirror can withstand. To address this issue, several studies were conducted on grazing-incidence damage by soft X-ray FEL pulses at the European XFEL facility. Boron carbide (B4C) coatings on polished silicon substrate were investigated using 1 keV photon energy, similar to the X-ray mirrors currently installed at the soft X-ray beamlines (SASE3). The purpose of this study is to compare the damage threshold of B4C and Si to determine the advantages, tolerance and limits of using B4C coatings.

European XFEL Holzkoppel 4 22869 Schenefeld Germany

Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Ke Karlovu 3 12116 Prague 2 Czechia

FZU Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 18221 Prague 8 Czechia

Institute of Experimental Physics Universitat Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany

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