BACKGROUND: The research on possible cerebral involvement in Crohn's disease (CD) has been largely marginalized and failed to capitalize on recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional pilot study searches for eventual macrostructural and microstructural brain affection in CD in remission and early after the disease onset. METHODS: 14 paediatric CD patients and 14 healthy controls underwent structural, diffusion weighted imaging and quantitative relaxation metrics acquisition, both conventional free precession and adiabatic rotating frame transverse and longitudinal relaxation time constants as markers of myelination, iron content and cellular loss. RESULTS: While no inter-group differences in cortical thickness and relaxation metrics were found, lower mean diffusivity and higher intracellular volume fraction were detected in CD patients over vast cortical regions essential for the regulation of the autonomous nervous system, sensorimotor processing, cognition and behavior, pointing to wide-spread cytotoxic oedema in the absence of demyelination, iron deposition or atrophy. CONCLUSION: Although still requiring further validation in longitudinal projects enrolling larger numbers of subjects, this study provides an indication of wide-spread cortical oedema in CD patients very early after the disease onset and sets possible directions for further research.

Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States

Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Neuroscience Centre Brno Czechia

Department of Cybernetics Czech Technical University Prague Prague Czechia

Department of Neurology 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Charles University Prague Czechia

Department of Paediatric Neurology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno Brno Czechia

Department of Paediatrics University Hospital Brno Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Brno Czechia

Department of Statistical Modelling Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czechia

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