Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by an abnormal increase in monoclonal immunoglobulins. Despite significant advances in treatment, some patients progress to more aggressive forms of multiple myeloma, including extramedullary disease or plasma cell leukemia. Although the exact molecular mechanisms are not known, several studies have confirmed the involvement of small extracellular vesicle-enriched microRNAs in multiple myeloma progression. Therefore, we performed expression profiling of these molecules in bone marrow plasma of multiple myeloma, extramedullary disease, and plasma cell leukemia patients using small RNA sequencing to identify novel molecules involved in disease pathogenesis. In total, 42 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated among analyzed subgroups. Independent validation by RT-qPCR confirmed elevated levels of miR-140-3p, miR-584-5p, miR-191-5p, and miR-143-3p in multiple myeloma patients compared to extramedullary disease and plasma cell leukemia patients. Subsequent statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between patient clinical characteristics or flow cytometry parameters and microRNA expression. These results indicate that dysregulation of microRNAs could contribute to multiple myeloma progression.

Babak Myeloma Group Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Centre for Molecular Medicine Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Clinical Hematology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Veterinary Research Institute Brno Czech Republic

Faculty of Medicine Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

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