Calorimetry is crucial in biology, chemistry, physics, and pharmaceutical research, enabling the detection of heat changes at nanowatt and picowatt levels. However, traditional calorimetry systems are often limited by high costs and complex fabrication processes. Here, we reduce the cost and fabrication complexity of microcalorimeters by utilizing widely available flexible printed circuit manufacturing processes. This device achieves temperature and power resolutions of ≈ 6 μK and ≈ 654 pW in vacuum. Its feasibility is validated across a wide range of measurements, including salt crystallization, protein crystallization, and cellular metabolism. Our concept enhances the accessibility of microcalorimeters for high-resolution thermal analysis, which is challenging for conventional calorimeters.

Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

Department of Biophysics Institute of Quantum Biophysics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea

Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea

Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Harvard Medical School Harvard University; Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China

School of Microelectronics Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China

Science and Technology on Combustion Internal Flow and Thermostructure Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China

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