Management of patients with transvalvular right ventricular leads undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions: a scientific statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions of the ESC endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society, the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society and the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society

. 2025 May 07 ; 27 (5) : .

Jazyk angličtina Země Velká Británie, Anglie Médium print

Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, směrnice pro lékařskou praxi

Perzistentní odkaz   https://www.medvik.cz/link/pmid40163675

Up to one-third of patients referred for transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI) have a transvalvular pacemaker (PPM) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) lead in place. Both the electrophysiology and interventional cardiology communities have been alerted to the complexity of decision-making in this situation due to potential interactions between the leads and the TTVI material, including the risk of jailing or damage to the leads. This document, commissioned by the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions of the ESC, reviews the scientific evidence to inform Heart Team discussions on the management of patients with a PPM or ICD who are scheduled for or have undergone TTVI.

Aix Marseille Université C2VN 13005 Marseille France Bd Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille France

Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Timone Service de Cardiologie 264 Rue Saint Pierre 13005 Marseille France

Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland

Cardiac Pacing Unit Cardiology Departement University Hospital of Geneva Geneva Switzerland

Cardio Center IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital Rozzano Milan Italy

Cardiocenter 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady Prague Czech Republic

Cardiology Department Université de Grenoble Alpes INSERM CHU Grenoble Alpes LRB 38000 Grenoble France

Cardiology Division Department of Medicine School of Clinical Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark

Department of Cardiology Centre Cardiologique du Nord Saint Denis France

Department of Cardiology Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain

Department of Cardiology Heart Center Dresden University Hospital Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Department of Cardiology Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Valencia Spain

Department of Cardiology Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud Massy France

Department of Cardiology Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK

Department of Cardiology Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal Montreal Canada

Department of Cardiology University of Auckland and Auckland City Hospital Auckland New Zealand

Department of Cardiology University of Rennes CHU Rennes lTSI UMR1099 Rennes F 35000 France

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery German Heart Center of Charité Berlin Germany

Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Division of Pediatric Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA

Electrophysiology Section Division of Cardiology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Heart Rhythm Clinic San Rossore Hospital Pisa Italy

Jesselson Integrated Heart Center Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine Jerusalem Israel

London Health Sciences Centre Western University London UK

National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London Imperial College NHS Trust London UK

Senior Consultant in Electrophysiology Head of Devices and Lead Extraction University Heart Center University Hospital Zurich Raemistrasse 100 8091 Zurich Switzerland

Zentrum Bremen Herzzentrum Bremen Klinikum Links der Weser Senator Weßling Str 1 28277 Bremen Germany

Zobrazit více v PubMed

https://eatlas.escardio.org/Atlas/ESC-Atlas-of-Cardiology.

Defaye  P, Biffi  M, El-Chami  M, Boveda  S, Glikson  M, Piccini  J  et al.  Cardiac pacing and lead devices management: 25 years of research at EP Europace journal. Europace  2023;25:euad202. PubMed PMC

Tribouilloy  C, Bohbot  Y, Kubala  M, Ruschitzka  F, Popescu  B, Wendler  O  et al.  Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with multiple native valvular heart disease: a substudy of the EURObservational Research Programme Valvular Heart Disease II Survey. Eur Heart J  2022;43:2756–66. PubMed

d'Arcy  JL, Coffey  S, Loudon  MA, Kennedy  A, Pearson-Stuttard  J, Birks  J  et al.  Large-scale community echocardiographic screening reveals a major burden of undiagnosed valvular heart disease in older people: the OxVALVE Population Cohort Study. Eur Heart J  2016;37:3515–22. PubMed PMC

Offen  S, Strange  G, Playford  D, Celermajer  DS, Stewart  S. Prevalence and prognostic impact of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: from the national echocardiography database of Australia. Intern J Cardiol  2023;370:338–44. PubMed

Andreas  M, Burri  H, Praz  F, Soliman  O, Badano  L, Barreiro  M  et al.  Tricuspid valve disease and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Eur Heart J  2024;45:346–65. PubMed PMC

Van De Heyning  CM, Elbarasi  E, Masiero  S, Brambatti  M, Ghazal  S, Al-Maashani  S  et al.  Prospective study of tricuspid regurgitation associated with permanent leads after cardiac rhythm device implantation. Can J Cardiol  2019;35:389–95. PubMed

Paniagua  D, Aldrich  HR, Lieberman  EH, Lamas  GA, Agatston  AS. Increased prevalence of significant tricuspid regurgitation in patients with transvenous pacemakers leads. Am J Cardiol  1998;82:1130–2. PubMed

Barclay  JL, Cross  SJ, Leslie  SJ. Entanglement of passive fix ventricular lead in tricuspid valve. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2008;31;138. PubMed

Novak  M, Dvorak  P, Kamaryt  P, Slana  B, Lipoldova  J. Autopsy and clinical context in deceased patients with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators: intracardiac findings near their leads and electrodes. Europace  2009;11:1510–6. PubMed

Schilling  RJ. Pacing lead entanglement in the tricuspid valve appartus during implantation. Europace  1999;1:201. PubMed

Rothschild  DP, Goldstein  JA, Kerner  N, Abbas  AE, Patel  M, Wong  WS. Pacemaker-induced tricuspid regurgitation is uncommon immediately post-implantation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol  2017;49:281–7. PubMed

Lin  G, Nishimura  RA, Connolly  HM, Dearani  JA, Sundt  TM, Hayes  DL. Severe symptomatic tricuspid valve regurgitation due to permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads. J Am Coll Cardiol  2005;45:1672–5. PubMed

Chang  JD, Manning  WJ, Ebrille  E, Zimetbaum  PJ. Tricuspid valve dysfunction following pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol  2017;69:2331–41. PubMed

Res  JC, De Cock  CC, Van Rossum  AC, Schreuder  J. Entrapment of tined leads. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  1989;12:1583–5. PubMed

Fürstenberg  S, Bluhm  G, Olin  C. Entrapment of an atrial tined pacemaker electrode in the tricuspid valve—a case report. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  1984;7:760–2. PubMed

Rajappan  K. Permanent pacemaker implantation technique: part II. Heart  2009;95:334–42. PubMed

Schleifer  JW, Pislaru  SV, Lin  G, Powell  BD, Espinosa  R, Koestler  C  et al.  Effect of ventricular pacing lead position on tricuspid regurgitation: a randomized prospective trial. Heart Rhythm  2018;15:1009–16. PubMed

Tatum  R, Maynes  EJ, Wood  CT, Deb  AK, Austin  MA, O'Malley  TJ  et al.  Tricuspid regurgitation associated with implantable electrical device insertion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2021;44:1297–302. PubMed

Anvardeen  K, Rao  R, Hazra  S, Hay  K, Dai  H, Stoyanov  N  et al.  Lead-specific features predisposing to the development of tricuspid regurgitation after endocardial lead implantation. CJC Open  2019;1:316–23. PubMed PMC

Al-Bawardy  R, Krishnaswamy  A, Bhargava  M, Dunn  J, Wazni  O, Tuzcu  EM  et al.  Tricuspid regurgitation in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators: a comprehensive review. Clin Cardiol  2013;36:249–54. PubMed PMC

Lee  RC, Friedman  SE, Kono  AT, Greenberg  ML, Palac  RT. Tricuspid regurgitation following implantation of endocardial leads: incidence and predictors. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2015;38:1267–74. PubMed

Fanari  Z, Hammami  S, Hammami  MB, Hammami  S, Shuraih  M. The effects of right ventricular apical pacing with transvenous pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator on mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. J Electrocardiol  2015;48:791–7. PubMed

Vaturi  M, Kusniec  J, Shapira  Y, Nevzorov  R, Yedidya  I, Weisenberg  D  et al.  Right ventricular pacing increases tricuspid regurgitation grade regardless of the mechanical interference to the valve by the electrode. Eur J Echocardiogr  2010;11:550–3. PubMed

Zaidi  SMJ, Sohail  H, Satti  DI, Sami  A, Anwar  M, Malik  J  et al.  Tricuspid regurgitation in his bundle pacing: a systematic review. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol  2022;27:e12986. PubMed PMC

Li  X, Zhu  H, Fan  X, Wang  Q, Wang  Z, Li  H  et al.  Tricuspid regurgitation outcomes in left bundle branch area pacing and comparison with right ventricular septal pacing. Heart Rhythm  2022;19:1202–3. PubMed

Bednarek  A, Kielbasa  G, Moskal  P, Ostrowska  A, Bednarski  A, Sondej  T  et al.  Left bundle branch area pacing improves right ventricular function and synchrony. Heart Rhythm  2024;21:2234–41. PubMed

Hai  JJ, Mao  Y, Zhen  Z, Fang  J, Wong  CK, Siu  CW  et al.  Close proximity of leadless pacemaker to tricuspid annulus predicts worse tricuspid regurgitation following septal implantation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol  2021;14:e009530. PubMed

Beurskens  NEG, Tjong  FVY, de Bruin-Bon  RHA, Dasselaar  KJ, Kuijt  WJ, Wilde  AAM  et al.  Impact of leadless pacemaker therapy on cardiac and atrioventricular valve function through 12 months of follow-up. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol  2019;12:e007124. PubMed

Salaun  E, Tovmassian  L, Simonnet  B, Giorgi  R, Franceschi  F, Koutbi-Franceschi  L  et al.  Right ventricular and tricuspid valve function in patients chronically implanted with leadless pacemakers. Europace  2018;20:823–8. PubMed

Glikson  M, Nielsen  JC, Kronborg  MB, Michowitz  Y, Auricchio  A, Barbash  IM  et al.  2021 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J  2021;42:3427–520. PubMed

Yu  YJ, Chen  Y, Lau  CP, Liu  YX, Wu  MZ, Chen  YY  et al.  Nonapical right ventricular pacing is associated with less tricuspid valve interference and long-term progress of tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr  2020;33:1375–83. PubMed

De Cock  CC, Vinkers  M, Van Campe  LC, Verhorst  PM, Visser  GA. Long-term outcome of patients with multiple (≥3) noninfected transvenous leads: a clinical and echocardiographic study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2000;23:423–6. PubMed

Wang  TKM, Akyuz  K, Mentias  A, Kirincich  J, Duran Crane  A, Xu  S  et al.  Contemporary etiologies, outcomes, and novel risk score for isolated tricuspid regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging  2022;15:731–44. PubMed

Park  S-J, Gentry  JL, Varma  N, Wazni  O, Tarakji  KG, Mehta  A  et al.  Transvenous extraction of pacemaker and defibrillator leads and the risk of tricuspid valve regurgitation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol  2018;4:1421–8. PubMed

Dreyfus  J, Audureau  E, Bohbot  Y, Coisne  A, Lavie-Badie  Y, Bouchery  M  et al.  TRI-SCORE: a new risk score for in-hospital mortality prediction after isolated tricuspid valve surgery. Eur Heart J  2022;43:654–62. PubMed PMC

Asmarats  L, Perlman  G, Praz  F, Hensey  M, Chrissoheris  MP, Philippon  F  et al.  Long-term outcomes of the FORMA transcatheter tricuspid valve repair system for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation: insights from the first-in-human experience. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2019;12:1438–47. PubMed

Lurz  J, Rommel  KP, Unterhuber  M, Besler  C, Noack  T, Borger  M  et al.  Safety and efficacy of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of the tricuspid valve in patients with cardiac implantable electronic device leads. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2019;12:2114–6. PubMed

Hahn  RT, George  I, Kodali  SK, Nazif  T, Khalique  OK, Akkoc  D  et al.  Early single-site experience with transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging  2019;12:416–29. PubMed

Lauten  A, Figulla  HR, Unbehaun  A, Fam  N, Schofer  J, Doenst  T  et al.  Interventional treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation: early clinical experience in a multicenter, observational, first-in-man study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv  2018;11:e006061. PubMed

Anderson  JH, McElhinney  DB, Aboulhosn  J, Zhang  Y, Ribichini  F, Eicken  A  et al.  Management and outcomes of transvenous pacing leads in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2020;13:2012–20. PubMed

Taramasso  M, Gavazzoni  M, Pozzoli  A, Alessandrini  H, Latib  A, Attinger-Toller  A  et al.  Outcomes of TTVI in patients with pacemaker or defibrillator leads: data from the TriValve registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2020;13:554–64. PubMed

Nickenig  G, Weber  M, Schueler  R, Hausleiter  J, Näbauer  M, von Bardeleben  RS  et al.  6-Month outcomes of tricuspid valve reconstruction for patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol  2019;73:1905–15. PubMed

Wild  MG, Löw  K, Rosch  S, Gerçek  M, Higuchi  S, Massberg  S  et al.  Multicenter experience with the transcatheter leaflet repair system for symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2022;15:1352–63. PubMed

Webb  JG, Chuang  AM, Meier  D, von Bardeleben  RS, Kodali  SK, Smith  RL  et al.  Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement with the EVOQUE system: 1-year outcomes of a multicenter, first-in-human experience. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2022;15:481–91. PubMed

Kodali  S, Hahn  RT, Makkar  R, Makar  M, Davidson  CJ, Puthumana  JJ  et al.  Transfemoral tricuspid valve replacement and one-year outcomes: the TRISCEND study. Eur Heart J  2023;44:4862–73. PubMed

Wild  MG, Lubos  E, Cruz-Gonzalez  I, Amat-Santos  I, Ancona  M, Andreas  M  et al.  Early clinical experience with the TRICENTO bicaval valved stent for treatment of symptomatic severe tricuspid regurgitation: a multicenter registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv  2022;15:e011302. PubMed

Nickenig  G, Lurz  P, Sorajja  P, von Bardeleben  RS, Sitges  M, Tang  GHL  et al.  Percutaneous edge-to-edge repair for tricuspid regurgitation: 3-year outcomes from the TRILUMINATE study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2024;17:2113–22. PubMed

Sorajja  P, Whisenant  B, Hamid  N, Naik  H, Makkar  R, Tadros  P  et al.  Transcatheter repair for patients with tricuspid regurgitation. N Engl J Med  2023;388:1833–42. PubMed

Taramasso  M, Benfari  G, van der Bijl  P, Alessandrini  H, Attinger-Toller  A, Biasco  L  et al.  Transcatheter versus medical treatment of patients with symptomatic severe tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol  2019;74:2998–3008. PubMed

Lurz  P, Besler  C, Schmitz  T, Bekeredjian  R, Nickenig  G, Möllmann  H  et al.  Short-term outcomes of tricuspid edge-to-edge repair in clinical practice. J Am Coll Cardiol  2023;82:281–91. PubMed

Dreyfus  J, Galloo  X, Taramasso  M, Heitzinger  G, Benfari  G, Kresoja  KP  et al.  TRI-SCORE and benefit of intervention in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J  2023;45:586–97. PubMed

Maisano  F, Hahn  R, Sorajja  P, Praz  F, Lurz  P. Transcatheter treatment of the tricuspid valve: current status and perspectives. Eur Heart J  2024;45:876–94. PubMed

Praz  F, Muraru  D, Kreidel  F, Lurz  P, Hahn  RT, Delgado  V  et al.  Transcatheter treatment for tricuspid valve disease. EuroIntervention  2021;17:791–808. PubMed PMC

Nickenig  G, Weber  M, Schuler  R, Hausleiter  J, Nabauer  M, von Bardeleben  RS  et al.  Tricuspid valve repair with the Cardioband system: two-year outcomes of the multicentre, prospective TRI-REPAIR study. EuroIntervention  2021;16:e1264–71. PubMed PMC

Hahn  RT, Makkar  R, Thourani  VH, Makar  M, Sharma  RP, Haeffele  C  et al.  Transcatheter valve replacement in severe tricuspid regurgitation. N Engl J Med  2025;392:115–26. PubMed

Chen  M, Moschovitis  A, Taramasso  M. Pacemaker lead dislocation during TricValve procedure with an extremely small superior vena cava. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging  2024;40:1149–51. PubMed PMC

Mehr  M, Taramasso  M, Besler  C, Ruf  T, Connelly  KA, Weber  M  et al.  1-Year outcomes after edge-to-edge valve repair for symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation: results from the TriValve registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2019;12:1451–61. PubMed

Blasco-Turrión  S, Briedis  K, Estévez-Loureiro  R, Sánchez-Recalde  A, Cruz-González  I, Pascual  I  et al.  Bicaval TricValve implantation in patients with severe symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation: 1-year follow-up outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2024;17:60–72. PubMed

Gabriels  JK, Schaller  RD, Koss  E, Rutkin  BJ, Carrillo  RG, Epstein  LM. Lead management in patients undergoing percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement or repair: a ‘heart team’approach. Europace  2023;25:euad300. PubMed PMC

Slonim  SM, Semba  CP, Sze  DY, Dake  MD. Placement of SVC stents over pacemaker wires for the treatment of SVC syndrome. J Vasc Interv Radiol  2000;11:215–9. PubMed

Saad  TF, Myers  GR, Cicone  J. Central vein stenosis or occlusion associated with cardiac rhythm management device leads in hemodialysis patients with ipsilateral arteriovenous access: a retrospective study of treatment using stents or stent-grafts. J Vasc Access  2010;11:293–302. PubMed

Plant  A, Stewart  F, Hooks  D. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead failure and revision following transcutaneous bicaval valve (TricValve(R)) implantation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol  2024;35:1050–4. PubMed

Olsen  T, Jørgensen  OD, Nielsen  JC, Thogersen  AM, Philbert  BT, Johansen  JB. Incidence of device-related infection in 97 750 patients: clinical data from the complete Danish device-cohort (1982–2018). Eur Heart J  2019;40:1862–9. PubMed PMC

Blomström-Lundqvist  C, Traykov  V, Erba  PA, Burri  H, Nielsen  JC, Bongiorni  MG  et al.  European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Europace  2020;22:515–49. PubMed PMC

Wilkoff  BL, Boriani  G, Mittal  S, Poole  JE, Kennergren  C, Corey  GR  et al.  Impact of cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a clinical and economic analysis of the WRAP-IT trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol  2020;13:e008280. PubMed PMC

Blomström-Lundqvist  C, Traykov  V, Erba  PA, Burri  H, Nielsen  JC, Bongiorni  MG  et al.  European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg  2020;57:E1–E31. PubMed

Sheldon  SH, Joyce  LD, Friedman  PA. Transvenous extraction of right ventricular leads jailed by a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag  2013;4:1209–12.

Paz Rios  LH, Alsaad  AA, Guerrero  M, Metzl  MD. Tricuspid valve-in-valve jailing right ventricular lead is not free of risk. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv  2020;96:E758–60. PubMed

Chourdakis  E, Koniari  I, Osman  N, Kounis  N, Hahalis  G, Werner  N. Late infective endocarditis after transcatheter mitral valve reconstruction (MitraClip): a case report and a review of the literature. Angiology  2023;74:205–15. PubMed

Yokoyama  H, Ochiai  T, Saito  S. Infective endocarditis after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for severe mitral regurgitation; a case report and a systematic review. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv  2023;102:367–74. PubMed

Gabriels  JK, Schaller  RD, Koss  E, Rutkin  BJ, Carrillo  RG, Epstein  LM. Lead management in patients undergoing percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement or repair: a ‘heart team’ approach. Europace  2023;25:euad300. PubMed PMC

Deharo  JC, Bongiorni  M, Rozkovec  A, Bracke  F, Defaye  P, Fernandez-Lozano  I  et al.  Pathways for training and accreditation for transvenous lead extraction: a European Heart Rhythm Association position paper. Europace  2012;14:124–34. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Blomström-Lundqvist  C, Kennergren  C, Dagres  N, Pison  L, Svendsen  JH  et al.  Current practice in transvenous lead extraction: a European Heart Rhythm Association EP Network survey. Europace  2012;14:783–6. PubMed

Kusumoto  FM, Schoenfeld  MH, Wilkoff  BL, Berul  CI, Birgersdotter-Green  UM, Carrillo  R  et al.  2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm  2017;14:e503–51. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Burri  H, Deharo  JC, Starck  C, Kennergren  C, Saghy  L  et al.  2018 EHRA expert consensus statement on lead extraction: recommendations on definitions, endpoints, research trial design, and data collection requirements for clinical scientific studies and registries: endorsed by APHRS/HRS/LAHRS. Europace  2018;20:1217. PubMed

Wilkoff  BL, Love  CJ, Byrd  CL, Bongiorni  MG, Carrillo  RG, Crossley  GH  et al.  Transvenous lead extraction: Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus on facilities, training, indications, and patient management: this document was endorsed by the American Heart Association (AHA). Heart Rhythm  2009;6:1085–104. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Marinskis  G, Lip  GY, Svendsen  JH, Dobreanu  D, Blomström-Lundqvist  C  et al.  How European centres diagnose, treat, and prevent CIED infections: results of an European Heart Rhythm Association survey. Europace  2012;14:1666–9. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Kennergren  C, Butter  C, Deharo  JC, Kutarski  A, Rinaldi  CA  et al.  The European lead extraction controlled (ELECTRa) study: a European heart rhythm association (EHRA) registry of transvenous lead extraction outcomes. Eur Heart J  2017;38:2995–3005. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Soldati  E, Zucchelli  G, Di Cori  A, Segreti  L, De Lucia  R  et al.  Transvenous removal of pacing and implantable cardiac defibrillating leads using single sheath mechanical dilatation and multiple venous approaches: high success rate and safety in more than 2000 leads. Eur Heart J  2008;29:2886–93. PubMed PMC

Wazni  O, Epstein  LM, Carrillo  RG, Love  C, Adler  SW, Riggio  DW  et al.  Lead extraction in the contemporary setting: the LExICon study: an observational retrospective study of consecutive laser lead extractions. J Am Coll Cardiol  2010;55:579–86. PubMed

Byrd  CL, Wilkoff  BL, Love  CJ, Sellers  TD, Reiser  C. Clinical study of the laser sheath for lead extraction: the total experience in the United States. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2002;25:804–8. PubMed

Neuzil  P, Taborsky  M, Rezek  Z, Vopalka  R, Sediva  L, Niederle  P  et al.  Pacemaker and ICD lead extraction with electrosurgical dissection sheaths and standard transvenous extraction systems: results of a randomized trial. Europace  2007;9:98–104. PubMed

Scott  PA, Chow  W, Ellis  E, Morgan  JM, Roberts  PR. Extraction of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads: a single-centre study of electrosurgical and laser extraction. Europace  2009;11:1501–4. PubMed

Mazzone  P, Tsiachris  D, Marzi  A, Ciconte  G, Paglino  G, Sora  N  et al.  Advanced techniques for chronic lead extraction: heading from the laser towards the evolution system. Europace  2013;15:1771–6. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Segreti  L, Di Cori  A, Zucchelli  G, Viani  S, Paperini  L  et al.  Safety and efficacy of internal transjugular approach for transvenous extraction of implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads. Europace  2014;16:1356–62. PubMed

Koneru  JN, Ellenbogen  KA. High-risk lead extraction using a hybrid approach: the blade and the lightsaber. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol  2014;25:622–3. PubMed

Fischer  A, Love  B, Hansalia  R, Mehta  D. Transfemoral snaring and stabilization of pacemaker and defibrillator leads to maintain vascular access during lead extraction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2009;32:336–9. PubMed

Hamid  S, Arujuna  A, Ginks  M, McPhail  M, Patel  N, Bucknall  C  et al.  Pacemaker and defibrillator lead extraction: predictors of mortality during follow-up. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2010;33:209–16. PubMed

Brunner  MP, Cronin  EM, Wazni  O, Baranowski  B, Saliba  WI, Sabik  JF  et al.  Outcomes of patients requiring emergent surgical or endovascular intervention for catastrophic complications during transvenous lead extraction. Heart Rhythm  2014;11:419–25. PubMed

Zucchelli  G, Di Cori  A, Segreti  L, Laroche  C, Blomstrom-Lundqvist  C, Kutarski  A  et al.  Major cardiac and vascular complications after transvenous lead extraction: acute outcome and predictive factors from the ESC-EHRA ELECTRa (European Lead Extraction ConTRolled) registry. Europace  2019;21:771–80. PubMed

Diemberger  I, Mazzotti  A, Biffi  M, Massaro  G, Martignani  C, Ziacchi  M  et al.  From lead management to implanted patient management: systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 15 years of experience in lead extraction. Expert Rev Med Devices  2013;10:551–73. PubMed

Akhtar  Z, Kontogiannis  C, Georgiopoulos  G, Starck  CT, Leung  LWM, Lee  SY  et al.  Comparison of non-laser and laser transvenous lead extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace  2023;25:euad316. PubMed PMC

Rinaldi  CA, Diemberger  I, Biffi  M, Gao  YR, Sizto  E, Jin  N  et al.  Safety and success of transvenous lead extraction using excimer laser sheaths: a meta-analysis of over 1700 patients. Europace  2023;25:euad298. PubMed PMC

Cecchin  F, Atallah  J, Walsh  EP, Triedman  JK, Alexander  ME, Berul  CI. Lead extraction in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol  2010;3:437–44. PubMed

Giannotti Santoro  M, Segreti  L, Zucchelli  G, Barletta  V, Fiorentini  F, Di Cori  A  et al.  Transvenous lead extraction: efficacy and safety of the procedure in octogenarian patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2020;43:382–7. PubMed

Diemberger  I, Segreti  L, Rinaldi  CA, Svendsen  JH, Kutarski  A, Younis  A  et al.  Transvenous lead extraction in patients with cardiac implantable device: the impact of systemic and local infection on clinical outcomes—an ESC-EHRA ELECTRa (European lead extraction controlled) registry substudy. Biology (Basel)  2022;11:615. PubMed PMC

Polewczyk  A, Rinaldi  CA, Sohal  M, Golzio  P-G, Claridge  S, Cano  O  et al.  Transvenous lead extraction procedures in women based on ESC-EHRA EORP European Lead Extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry: is female sex a predictor of complications?  Europace  2019;21:1890–9. PubMed

Segreti  L, Bongiorni  MG, Barletta  V, Parollo  M, Di Cori  A, Fiorentini  F  et al.  Transvenous lead extraction: efficacy and safety of the procedure in female patients. Heart Rhythm O2  2023;4:625–31. PubMed PMC

Di Cori  A, Auricchio  A, Regoli  F, Blomström-Lundqvist  C, Butter  C, Dagres  N  et al.  Clinical impact of antithrombotic therapy in transvenous lead extraction complications: a sub-analysis from the ESC-EORP EHRA ELECTRa (European Lead Extraction ConTRolled) registry. Europace  2019;21:1096–105. PubMed

Segreti  L, Rinaldi  CA, Claridge  S, Svendsen  JH, Blomstrom-Lundqvist  C, Auricchio  A  et al.  Procedural outcomes associated with transvenous lead extraction in patients with abandoned leads: an ESC-EHRA ELECTRa (European Lead Extraction ConTRolled) registry sub-analysis. Europace  2019;21:645–54. PubMed

Regoli  F, Auricchio  A, Di Cori  A, Segreti  L, Blomström-Lunqvist  C, Butter  C  et al.  Impact of anticoagulation therapy on outcomes in patients with cardiac implantable resynchronization devices undergoing transvenous lead extraction: a substudy of the ESC-EHRA EORP ELECTRa (European Lead Extraction ConTRolled) registry. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol  2019;30:1086–95. PubMed

Segreti  L, Di Cori  A, Soldati  E, Zucchelli  G, Viani  S, Paperini  L  et al.  Major predictors of fibrous adherences in transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead extraction. Heart Rhythm  2014;11:2196–201. PubMed

Di Cori  A, Bongiorni  MG, Zucchelli  G, Segreti  L, Viani  S, De Lucia  R  et al.  Large, single-center experience in transvenous coronary sinus lead extraction: procedural outcomes and predictors for mechanical dilatation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2012;35:215–22. PubMed

Di Cori  A, Bongiorni  MG, Zucchelli  G, Lilli  A, Coluccia  G, Fabiani  I  et al.  Short-term extraction profile of cardiac pacing leads with hybrid silicone-polyurethane insulator: a pilot study. Int J Cardiol  2013;168:4432–3. PubMed

Di Cori  A, Bongiorni  MG, Zucchelli  G, Segreti  L, Viani  S, Paperini  L  et al.  Transvenous extraction performance of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene covered ICD leads in comparison to traditional ICD leads in humans. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2010;33:1376–81. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Di Cori  A, Segreti  L, Zucchelli  G, Viani  S, Paperini  L  et al.  Transvenous extraction profile of Riata leads: procedural outcomes and technical complexity of mechanical removal. Heart Rhythm  2015;12:580–7. PubMed

Maytin  M, Carrillo  RG, Baltodano  P, Schaerf  RH, Bongiorni  MG, Di Cori  A  et al.  Multicenter experience with transvenous lead extraction of active fixation coronary sinus leads. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2012;35:641–7. PubMed

Gabriels  JK, Kim  BS, Shoda  M, Birgersdotter-Green  U, Di Cori  A, Zucchelli  G  et al.  International experience with transvenous lead extractions of an active-fixation coronary sinus pacing lead. Heart Rhythm  2024;21:686–7. PubMed

Sidhu  BS, Gould  J, Bunce  C, Elliott  M, Mehta  V, Kennergren  C  et al.  The effect of centre volume and procedure location on major complications and mortality from transvenous lead extraction: an ESC EHRA EORP European Lead Extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry subanalysis. Europace  2020;22:1718–28. PubMed

Racine  H-P, Jacques  F, Philippon  F. The effect of centre volume and procedure location on major complications and mortality from transvenous lead extraction: an ESC EHRA EORP European Lead Extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry subanalysis. Europace  2021;23:1149. PubMed

Agarwal  SK, Kamireddy  S, Nemec  J, Voigt  A, Saba  S. Predictors of complications of endovascular chronic lead extractions from pacemakers and defibrillators: a single-operator experience. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol  2009;20:171–5. PubMed

Fu  HX, Huang  XM, Zhong  L, Osborn  MJ, Asirvatham  SJ, Espinosa  RE  et al.  Outcomes and complications of lead removal: can we establish a risk stratification schema for a collaborative and effective approach?  Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2015;38:1439–47. PubMed

Bongiorni  MG, Segreti  L, Di Cori  A, Zucchelli  G, Paperini  L, Viani  S  et al.  Overcoming the current issues surrounding device leads: reducing the complications during extraction. Expert Rev Med Devices  2017;14:469–80. PubMed

Bontempi  L, Vassanelli  F, Cerini  M, D'Aloia  A, Vizzardi  E, Gargaro  A  et al.  Predicting the difficulty of a lead extraction procedure: the LED index. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)  2014;15:668–73. PubMed

Kancharla  K, Acker  NG, Li  Z, Samineni  S, Cai  C, Espinosa  RE  et al.  Efficacy and safety of transvenous lead extraction in the device laboratory and operating room guided by a novel risk stratification scheme. JACC Clin Electrophysiol  2019;5:174–82. PubMed

Jacheć  W, Polewczyk  A, Polewczyk  M, Tomasik  A, Kutarski  A. Transvenous lead extraction SAFeTY score for risk stratification and proper patient selection for removal procedures using mechanical tools. J Clin Med  2020;9:361. PubMed PMC

Sidhu  BS, Ayis  S, Gould  J, Elliott  MK, Mehta  V, Kennergren  C  et al.  Risk stratification of patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction with the ELECTRa Registry Outcome Score (EROS): an ESC EHRA EORP European lead extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry analysis. Europace  2021;23:1462–71. PubMed

Mehta  VS, O'Brien  H, Elliott  MK, Wijesuriya  N, Auricchio  A, Ayis  S  et al.  Machine learning-derived major adverse event prediction of patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction: using the ESC EHRA EORP European lead extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry. Heart Rhythm  2022;19:885–93. PubMed

Mehta  VS, Ma  Y, Wijesuriya  N, DeVere  F, Howell  S, Elliott  MK  et al.  Enhancing transvenous lead extraction risk prediction: integrating imaging biomarkers into machine learning models. Heart Rhythm  2024;21:919–28. PubMed

Lin  AY, Lupercio  F, Ho  G, Pollema  T, Pretorius  V, Birgersdotter-Green  U. Safety and efficacy of cardiovascular implantable electronic device extraction in elderly patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Heart Rhythm O2  2020;1:250–8. PubMed PMC

Roeffel  S, Bracke  F, Meijer  A, Van Gelder  B, Van Dantzig  JM, Botman  CJ  et al.  Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of tricuspid valve regurgitation during pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead extraction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2002;25:1583–6. PubMed

Franceschi  F, Thuny  F, Giorgi  R, Sanaa  I, Peyrouse  E, Assouan  X  et al.  Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of traumatic tricuspid regurgitation after percutaneous ventricular lead removal. J Am Coll Cardiol  2009;53:2168–74. PubMed

Glover  B, Watkins  S, Mariani  J, Yap  S, Asta  J, Cusimano  R  et al.  Prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation and pericardial effusions following pacemaker and defibrillator lead extraction. Int J Cardiol  2010;145:593–4. PubMed

Coffey  JO, Sager  SJ, Gangireddy  S, Levine  A, Viles-Gonzalez  JF, Fischer  A. The impact of transvenous lead extraction on tricuspid valve function. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2014;37:19–24. PubMed

Givon  A, Vedernikova  N, Luria  D, Vatury  O, Kuperstein  R, Feinberg  MS  et al.  Tricuspid regurgitation following lead extraction: risk factors and clinical course. Isr Med Assoc J  2016;18:18–22. PubMed

Rodriguez  Y, Mesa  J, Arguelles  E, Carrillo  RG. Tricuspid insufficiency after laser lead extraction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2013;36:939–44. PubMed

Migliore  F, Pittorru  R, De Lazzari  M, Dall'Aglio  PB, Cecchetto  A, Previtero  M  et al.  Evaluation of tricuspid valve regurgitation following transvenous rotational mechanical lead extraction. Europace  2024;26:euae191. PubMed PMC

Candinas  R, Duru  F, Schneider  J, Lüscher  TF, Stokes  K. Postmortem analysis of encapsulation around long-term ventricular endocardial pacing leads. Mayo Clin Proc  1999;74:120–5. PubMed

Polewczyk  A, Jacheć  W, Nowosielecka  D, Tomaszewski  A, Brzozowski  W, Szczęśniak-Stańczyk  D  et al.  Lead dependent tricuspid valve dysfunction-risk factors, improvement after transvenous lead extraction and long-term prognosis. J Clin Med  2021;11:89. PubMed PMC

Nazmul  MN, Cha  YM, Lin  G, Asirvatham  SJ, Powell  BD. Percutaneous pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead removal in an attempt to improve symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation. Europace  2013;15:409–13. PubMed

Patel  D, Vatterott  P, Piccini  J, Epstein  LM, Hakmi  S, Syed  I  et al.  Prospective evaluation of the correlation between gated cardiac computed tomography detected vascular fibrosis and ease of transvenous lead extraction. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol  2022;15:e010779. PubMed PMC

Tułecki  L, Polewczyk  A, Jacheć  W, Nowosielecka  D, Tomków  K, Stefańczyk  P  et al.  Analysis of risk factors for major complications of 1500 transvenous lead extraction procedures with especial attention to tricuspid valve damage. Int J Environ Res Public Health  2021;18:9100. PubMed PMC

Svennberg  E, Jacobs  K, McVeigh  E, Pretorius  V, Birgersdotter-Green  U. Computed tomography-guided risk assessment in percutaneous lead extraction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol  2019;5:1439–46. PubMed PMC

Saad  TF, Hentschel  DM, Koplan  B, Wasse  H, Asif  A, Patel  DV  et al.  Cardiovascular implantable electronic device leads in CKD and ESRD patients: review and recommendations for practice. Semin Dial  2013;26:114–23. PubMed

Schaller  RD, Giri  J, Epstein  AE. Entrapped leads after transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv  2021;14:715–6. PubMed

Noheria  A, Van Zyl  M, Scott  LR, Srivathsan  K, Madhavan  M, Asirvatham  SJ  et al.  Single-site ventricular pacing via the coronary sinus in patients with tricuspid valve disease. Europace  2018;20:636–42. PubMed

Arps  K, Li  B, Allen  JC  Jr, Alenezi  F, Frazier-Mills  C, Al-Khatib  SM  et al.  Association of leadless pacing with ventricular and valvular function. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol  2023;34:2233–42. PubMed PMC

Garweg  C, Duchenne  J, Vandenberk  B, Mao  Y, Ector  J, Haemers  P  et al.  Evolution of ventricular and valve function in patients with right ventricular pacing–A randomized controlled trial comparing leadless and conventional pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2023;46:1455–64. PubMed

Fink  T, Eitz  T, Sciacca  V, Rudolph  V, Sohns  C, Sommer  P  et al.  Transfemoral leadless pacemaker implantation after interventional or surgical tricuspid valve repair. Europace  2024;26:euae111. PubMed PMC

Carabelli  A, Jabeur  M, Jacon  P, Rinaldi  CA, Leclercq  C, Rovaris  G  et al.  European experience with a first totally leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker system. Europace  2021;23:740–7. PubMed PMC

Torres-Quintero  L, Molina-Lerma  M, Cabrera-Borrego  E, García-Orta  R, Tercedor-Sánchez  L, Álvarez  M. His-bundle pacing from the right atrium in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot and a prosthetic tricuspid valve. JACC Clin Electrophysiol  2020;6:745–6. PubMed

Elliott  MK, Vergara  P, Wijesuriya  N, Mehta  VS, Bosco  P, Jacon  P  et al.  Feasibility of leadless left ventricular septal pacing with the WiSE-CRT system to target the left bundle branch area: a porcine model and multicenter patient experience. Heart Rhythm  2022;19:1974–83. PubMed

Knops  RE, Lloyd  MS, Roberts  PR, Wright  DJ, Boersma  LVA, Doshi  R  et al.  A modular communicative leadless pacing-defibrillator system. N Engl J Med  2024;391:1402–12. PubMed

Lancellotti  P, Pibarot  P, Chambers  J, La Canna  G, Pepi  M, Dulgheru  R  et al.  Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging  2022;23:e171–232. PubMed

Mediratta  A, Addetia  K, Yamat  M, Moss  JD, Nayak  HM, Burke  MC  et al.  3D echocardiographic location of implantable device leads and mechanism of associated tricuspid regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging  2014;7:337–47. PubMed

Nucifora  G, Badano  LP, Allocca  G, Gianfagna  P, Proclemer  A, Cinello  M  et al.  Severe tricuspid regurgitation due to entrapment of the anterior leaflet of the valve by a permanent pacemaker lead: role of real time three-dimensional echocardiography. Echocardiography  2007;24:649–52. PubMed

Hell  MM, Emrich  T, Kreidel  F, Kreitner  KF, Schoepf  UJ, Münzel  T  et al.  Computed tomography imaging needs for novel transcatheter tricuspid valve repair and replacement therapies. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging  2021;22:601–10. PubMed

Bartkowiak  J, Vivekanantham  H, Kassar  M, Dernektsi  C, Agarwal  V, Lebehn  M  et al.  Computed tomography anatomic predictors of outcomes in patients undergoing tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr  2024;18:259–66. PubMed

Korantzopoulos  P, Letsas  KP, Grekas  G, Goudevenos  JA. Pacemaker dependency after implantation of electrophysiological devices. Europace  2009;11:1151–5. PubMed

Zeppenfeld  K, Tfelt-Hansen  J, de Riva  M, Winkel  BG, Behr  ER, Blom  NA  et al.  2022 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J  2022;43:3997–4126. PubMed

Ferrick  AM, Raj  SR, Deneke  T, Kojodjojo  P, Lopez-Cabanillas  N, Abe  H  et al.  2023 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on practical management of the remote device clinic. Europace  2023;25:euad123. PubMed PMC

Delgado  V, Ajmone Marsan  N, de Waha  S, Bonaros  N, Brida  M, Burri  H  et al.  2023 ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis: developed by the task force on the management of endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J  2023;44:3948–4042.

Tan  EM, DeSimone  DC, Sohail  MR, Baddour  LM, Wilson  WR, Steckelberg  JM  et al.  Outcomes in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection managed with chronic antibiotic suppression. Clin Infect Dis  2017;64:1516–21. PubMed

Peacock  JE  Jr, Stafford  JM, Le  K, Sohail  MR, Baddour  LM, Prutkin  JM  et al.  Attempted salvage of infected cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: are there clinical factors that predict success?  Pacing Clin Electrophysiol  2018;41:524–31. PubMed

Topaz  M, Chorin  E, Schwartz  AL, Hochstadt  A, Shotan  A, Ashkenazi  I  et al.  Regional antibiotic delivery for implanted cardiovascular electronic device infections. J Am Coll Cardiol  2023;81:119–33. PubMed

Najít záznam

Citační ukazatele

Pouze přihlášení uživatelé

Možnosti archivace

Nahrávání dat ...