The aim of the present clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases is to review the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and outcomes of myocardial and pericardial complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vaccination in order to improve the awareness and clinical confidence on the management of patients with these complications. The risk of myopericardial complications is especially higher within 1 month of COVID-19 disease and vaccination. Forms related to the disease are generally more common and severe than those related to vaccination. Even if vaccination against COVID-19 increases myocarditis risk, this risk is lower in vaccinated than non-vaccinated COVID-19 individuals, supporting the vaccine use. Overall, COVID-19 related complications, especially myocarditis, are relatively rare.

1st Cardiology Department School of Medicine Hippokration General Hospital National and Kapodistrian University Athens Greece

2nd Department of Medicine Department of Cardiovascular Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany

Cardiology Dept of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Science and Public Health University of Padova *member of ERN Guard Heart Padova Italy

Cardiology University of Siena Siena Italy

Cardiopathology Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology University Hospital of Tübingen Tübingen Germany

Cardiothoracic Department University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia ASUFC Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15 33100 Udine Italy

CardioThoracoVascular Department Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina Trieste Italy

Cardiovascular Pathology Unit Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padua Padua Italy

Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab IRCCS L Spallanzani Rome Italy

Center for Molecualr Cardiology University of Zurich Switzerland

Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases Section of Cardiovascular Imaging Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA

CMR Services Brompton Royal Hospital London UK

Department of Adult Cardiology Mitera Hospital Hygeia Group Athens Greece

Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy

Department of Cardiology Angiology and Intensive Medicine Berlin Germany

Department of Cardiology Hospital Clínic de Barcelona IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain

Department of Cardiology University Clinical Center of Serbia and Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Department of Cardiovascular Pathology Cardiovascular and Genetics Research Institute City St Georges University of London London UK

Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland

Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano Bicocca Milan Italy

Department of Medicine University of Udine Udine Italy

Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung Partner Side Berlin Germany

Faculty of Medicine Vita Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy

Heart Division Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital and Cardiovascular Academic Group King's College and National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London UK

IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Department of Cardiology San Luca Hospital Cardiomyopathy Unit Milan Italy

Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK

Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Israel

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine and Heart Failure Center Belgrade University Medical Center Belgrade Serbia

Unit of Immunology Rheumatology Allergy and Rare Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy

University of Trieste member of ERN Guard Heart Trieste Italy

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