Mycorrhizal symbioses and tree diversity in global forest communities
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
40512852
PubMed Central
PMC12164979
DOI
10.1126/sciadv.adt5743
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- lesy * MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- stromy * mikrobiologie MeSH
- symbióza * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of species diversity is a central pursuit in ecology. It has been hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce tree species diversity in local communities, which remains to be tested at the global scale. To address this gap, we analyzed global forest inventory data and revealed that the relationship between tree species richness and EcM tree proportion varied along environmental gradients. Specifically, the relationship is more negative at low latitudes and in moist conditions but is unimodal at high latitudes and in arid conditions. The negative association of EcM tree proportion on species diversity at low latitudes and in humid conditions is likely due to more negative plant-soil microbial interactions in these regions. These findings extend our knowledge on the mechanisms shaping global patterns in plant species diversity from a belowground view.
Botanical Garden Institute FEB RAS Vladivostok Russia
Brazilian Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services BPBES Campinas SP Brazil
Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Science Moscow Russia
Centre for Forest Research Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
Centre for Geospatial Technology SRM University AP Amaravati 522240 India
Cirad Forests and Societies University of Montpellier Montpellier France
Cirad UMR EcoFoG Kourou French Guiana
CIRAD UPR Forêts et Sociétés F 34398 Montpellier France
Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Dgo México
College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Chenggong Kunming 650500 China
Denezhkin Kamen Zapovednik Sverdlovskaya Oblast Severouralskiy Rain Vsevolodo Blagodatskoe Russia
Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil
Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Lugo Spain
Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering University of Lleida Lleida Spain
Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada
Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
Department of Botany Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya Sagar 470003 Madhya Pradesh India
Department of Ecology French Institute of Pondicherry Puducherry 605001 India
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham NC 27710 USA
Department of Forest Engineering Federal University of Viçosa Viçosa Brazil
Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA
Department of Forest Science Tokyo University of Agriculture Tokyo Japan
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
Department of Geography Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden
Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon
Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Oxford OX13RB UK
Department of Spatial Regulation GIS and Forest Policy Institute of Forestry Belgrade Serbia
Ecole de Foresterie Tropicale Université Nationale d'Agriculture Kétou Benin
Environmental Studies and Research Center Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic
Faculty of Forestry Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China
Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay Ontario Canada
Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
Flamingo Land Ltd North Yorkshire YO17 6UX UK
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University and Research Wageningen Netherlands
Forest Research Institute University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs QLD 4655 Australia
Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia Solsona Spain
Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier France
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Leipzig Germany
Global Change Research Institute of the CAS Brno Czech Republic
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
IFER Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research Jilove u Prahy Czech Republic
Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences Parkowa 5 62 035 Kórnik Poland
Institute of Forestry Belgrade Serbia
Institute of Forestry Beograd Serbia
Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz Río Gallegos Santa Cruz Argentina
Integrative Research Center Field Museum Chicago IL 60605 USA
Isaev Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
Jardín Botánico de Bogotá José Celestino Mutis Cl 63 68 95 Bogotá DC Colombia
Jardín Botánico de Missouri St Louis MO 63110 USA
Labo Botanique Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast
Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery University of Oxford Oxford UK OX13QY
NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA
National Biodiversity Future Center Palermo Italy
Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC 27710 USA
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 20001 USA
Q ForestLab Department of Environment Ghent University Gent Belgium
Queensland Herbarium Toowong QLD Australia
Remote Sensing Laboratories Department of Geography University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew London UK
School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk Russia
Sikhote Alin State Naturе Biosphere Reserve Terney Russia
Silviculture and Forest Ecology Georg August University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
State nature reserve 'Bastak ' 69a Sholom Aleichem St 69а Birobidzhan Russia
tascientist ch Wallisellen Switzerland
TERRA Teaching and Research Centre Gembloux Agro Bio Tech Université de Liège Gembloux Belgium
The Nature Conservancy 2424 Spruce St Boulder CO 80302 USA
UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphouët Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast
UNELLEZ Guanare Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario Portuguesa Venezuela
Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Cusco Peru
University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs QLD 4556 Australia
Vascular Surgery Newcastle University Newcastle UK
Wageningen Environmental Research Wageningen University and Research Wageningen Netherlands
Zobrazit více v PubMed
Pan Y., Birdsey R. A., Fang J., Houghton R., Kauppi P. E., Kurz W. A., Phillips O. L., Shvidenko A., Lewis S. L., Canadell J. G., Ciais P., Jackson R. B., Pacala S. W., McGuire A. D., Piao S., Rautiainen A., Sitch S., Hayes D., A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science 333, 988–993 (2011). PubMed
Boonman C. C. F., Serra-Diaz J. M., Hoeks S., Guo W. Y., Enquist B. J., Maitner B., Malhi Y., Merow C., Buitenwerf R., Svenning J. C., More than 17,000 tree species are at risk from rapid global change. Nat. Commun. 15, 166 (2024). PubMed PMC
Hammond W. M., Williams A. P., Abatzoglou J. T., Adams H. D., Klein T., Lopez R., Saenz-Romero C., Hartmann H., Breshears D. D., Allen C. D., Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for earth's forests. Nat. Commun. 13, 1761 (2022). PubMed PMC
Lindenmayer D. B., Laurance W. F., Franklin J. F., Ecology., Global decline in large old trees. Science 338, 1305–1306 (2012). PubMed
Brown J. H., Why are there so many species in the tropics? J. Biogeogr. 41, 8–22 (2014). PubMed PMC
Liang J., Gamarra J. G. P., Picard N., Zhou M., Pijanowski B., Jacobs D. F., Reich P. B., Crowther T. W., Nabuurs G. J., de Miguel S., Fang J., Woodall C. W., Svenning J. C., Jucker T., Bastin J. F., Wiser S. K., Slik F., Herault B., Alberti G., Keppel G., Hengeveld G. M., Ibisch P. L., Silva C. A., Ter Steege H., Peri P. L., Coomes D. A., Searle E. B., von Gadow K., Jaroszewicz B., Abbasi A. O., Abegg M., Yao Y. C. A., Aguirre-Gutierrez J., Zambrano A. M. A., Altman J., Alvarez-Davila E., Alvarez-Gonzalez J. G., Alves L. F., Amani B. H. K., Amani C. A., Ammer C., Ilondea B. A., Anton-Fernandez C., Avitabile V., Aymard G. A., Azihou A. F., Baard J. A., Baker T. R., Balazy R., Bastian M. L., Batumike R., Bauters M., Beeckman H., Benu N. M. H., Bitariho R., Boeckx P., Bogaert J., Bongers F., Bouriaud O., Brancalion P. H. S., Brandl S., Brearley F. Q., Briseno-Reyes J., Broadbent E. N., Bruelheide H., Bulte E., Catlin A. C., Gatti R. C., Cesar R. G., Chen H. Y. H., Chisholm C., Cienciala E., Colletta G. D., Corral-Rivas J. J., Cuchietti A., Cuni-Sanchez A., Dar J. A., Dayanandan S., de Haulleville T., Decuyper M., Delabye S., Derroire G., DeVries B., Diisi J., Do T. V., Dolezal J., Dourdain A., Durrheim G. P., Obiang N. L. E., Ewango C. E. N., Eyre T. J., Fayle T. M., Feunang L. F. N., Finer L., Fischer M., Fridman J., Frizzera L., de Gasper A. L., Gianelle D., Glick H. B., Gonzalez-Elizondo M. S., Gorenstein L., Habonayo R., Hardy O. J., Harris D. J., Hector A., Hemp A., Herold M., Hillers A., Hubau W., Ibanez T., Imai N., Imani G., Jagodzinski A. M., Janecek S., Johannsen V. K., Joly C. A., Jumbam B., Kabelong B., Kahsay G. A., Karminov V., Kartawinata K., Kassi J. N., Kearsley E., Kennard D. K., Kepfer-Rojas S., Khan M. L., Kigomo J. N., Kim H. S., Klauberg C., Klomberg Y., Korjus H., Kothandaraman S., Kraxner F., Kumar A., Kuswandi R., Lang M., Lawes M. J., Leite R. V., Lentner G., Lewis S. L., Libalah M. B., Lisingo J., Lopez-Serrano P. M., Lu H., Lukina N. V., Lykke A. M., Maicher V., Maitner B. S., Marcon E., Marshall A. R., Martin E. H., Martynenko O., Mbayu F. M., Mbuvi M. T. E., Meave J. A., Merow C., Miscicki S., Moreno V. S., Morera A., Mukul S. A., Muller J. C., Murdjoko A., Nava-Miranda M. G., Ndive L. E., Neldner V. J., Nevenic R. V., Nforbelie L. N., Ngoh M. L., N'Guessan A. E., Ngugi M. R., Ngute A. S. K., Njila E. N. N., Nyako M. C., Ochuodho T. O., Oleksyn J., Paquette A., Parfenova E. I., Park M., Parren M., Parthasarathy N., Pfautsch S., Phillips O. L., Piedade M. T. F., Piotto D., Pollastrini M., Poorter L., Poulsen J. R., Poulsen A. D., Pretzsch H., Rodeghiero M., Rolim S. G., Rovero F., Rutishauser E., Sagheb-Talebi K., Saikia P., Sainge M. N., Salas-Eljatib C., Salis A., Schall P., Schepaschenko D., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Schmid B., Schongart J., Seben V., Sellan G., Selvi F., Serra-Diaz J. M., Sheil D., Shvidenko A. Z., Sist P., Souza A. F., Sterenczak K. J., Sullivan M. J. P., Sundarapandian S., Svoboda M., Swaine M. D., Targhetta N., Tchebakova N., Trethowan L. A., Tropek R., Mukendi J. T., Umunay P. M., Usoltsev V. A., Laurin G. V., Valentini R., Valladares F., van der Plas F., Vega-Nieva D. J., Verbeeck H., Viana H., Vibrans A. C., Vieira S. A., Vleminckx J., Waite C. E., Wang H. F., Wasingya E. K., Wekesa C., Westerlund B., Wittmann F., Wortel V., Zawila-Niedzwiecki T., Zhang C., Zhao X., Zhu J., Zhu X., Zhu Z. X., Zo-Bi I. C., Hui C., Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 6, 1423–1437 (2022). PubMed
Esquivel-Muelbert A., Baker T. R., Dexter K. G., Lewis S. L., ter Steege H., Lopez-Gonzalez G., Mendoza A. M., Brienen R., Feldpausch T. R., Pitman N., Alonso A., van der Heijden G., Peña-Claros M., Ahuite M., Alexiaides M., Dávila E. Á., Murakami A. A., Arroyo L., Aulestia M., Balslev H., Barroso J., Boot R., Cano A., Moscoso V. C., Comiskey J. A., Cornejo F., Dallmeier F., Daly D. C., Dávila N., Duivenvoorden J. F., Montoya A. J. D., Erwin T., Di Fiore A., Fredericksen T., Fuentes A., García-Villacorta R., Gonzales T., Andino J. E. G., Coronado E. N. H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I., Jiménez R. E. M., Killeen T. J., Malhi Y., Mendoza C., Mogollón H., Jørgensen P. M., Montero J. C., Mostacedo B., Nauray W., Neill D., Vargas P. N., Palacios S., Cuenca W. P., Camacho N. C. P., Peacock J., Phillips J. F., Pickavance G., Quesada C. A., Ramírez-Angulo H., Restrepo Z., Rodriguez C. R., Paredes M. R., Peñuela-Mora M. C., Sierra R., Silveira M., Stevenson P., Stropp J., Terborgh J., Tirado M., Toledo M., Torres-Lezama A., Umaña M. N., Urrego L. E., Martinez R. V., Gamarra L. V., Vela C. I. A., Torre E. V., Vos V., von Hildebrand P., Vriesendorp C., Wang O., Young K. R., Zartman C. E., Phillips O. L., Seasonal drought limits tree species across the neotropics. Ecography 40, 618–629 (2017).
Hulshof C. M., Spasojevic M. J., The edaphic control of plant diversity. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 29, 1634–1650 (2020).
J. H. Connell, On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees, in
Janzen D. H., Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. Am. Nat. 104, 501–528 (1970).
Tedersoo L., Bahram M., Zobel M., How mycorrhizal associations drive plant population and community biology. Science 367, eaba1223 (2020). PubMed
Fernandez C. W., Mielke L., Stefanski A., Bermudez R., Hobbie S. E., Montgomery R. A., Reich P. B., Kennedy P. G., Climate change-induced stress disrupts ectomycorrhizal interaction networks at the boreal-temperate ecotone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 120, e2221619120 (2023). PubMed PMC
Shi J., Wang X., Wang E., Mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant growth and stress adaptation: From genes to ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 74, 569–607 (2023). PubMed
S. E. Smith, D. Read,
Liang M., Liu X., Etienne R. S., Huang F., Wang Y., Yu S., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi counteract the janzen-connell effect of soil pathogens. Ecology 96, 562–574 (2015). PubMed
Liang M., Johnson D., Burslem D., Yu S., Fang M., Taylor J. D., Taylor A. F. S., Helgason T., Liu X., Soil fungal networks maintain local dominance of ectomycorrhizal trees. Nat. Commun. 11, 2636 (2020). PubMed PMC
Bennett J. A., Maherali H., Reinhart K. O., Lekberg Y., Hart M. M., Klironomos J., Plant-soil feedbacks and mycorrhizal type influence temperate forest population dynamics. Science 355, 181–184 (2017). PubMed
Soudzilovskaia N. A., Vaessen S., Barcelo M., He J., Rahimlou S., Abarenkov K., Brundrett M. C., Gomes S. I. F., Merckx V., Tedersoo L., Fungalroot: Global online database of plant mycorrhizal associations. New Phytol. 227, 955–966 (2020). PubMed
Teste F. P., Kardol P., Turner B. L., Wardle D. A., Zemunik G., Renton M., Laliberte E., Plant-soil feedback and the maintenance of diversity in mediterranean-climate shrublands. Science 355, 173–176 (2017). PubMed
Delavaux C. S., LaManna J. A., Myers J. A., Phillips R. P., Aguilar S., Allen D., Alonso A., Anderson-Teixeira K. J., Baker M. E., Baltzer J. L., Bissiengou P., Bonfim M., Bourg N. A., Brockelman W. Y., Burslem D., Chang L. W., Chen Y., Chiang J. M., Chu C., Clay K., Cordell S., Cortese M., den Ouden J., Dick C., Ediriweera S., Ellis E. C., Feistner A., Freestone A. L., Giambelluca T., Giardina C. P., Gilbert G. S., He F., Holik J., Howe R. W., Huasca W. H., Hubbell S. P., Inman F., Jansen P. A., Johnson D. J., Kral K., Larson A. J., Litton C. M., Lutz J. A., Malhi Y., McGuire K., McMahon S. M., McShea W. J., Memiaghe H., Nathalang A., Norden N., Novotny V., O'Brien M. J., Orwig D. A., Ostertag R., Parker G. G., Perez R., Reynolds G., Russo S. E., Sack L., Samonil P., Sun I. F., Swanson M. E., Thompson J., Uriarte M., Vandermeer J., Wang X., Ware I., Weiblen G. D., Wolf A., Wu S. H., Zimmerman J. K., Lauber T., Maynard D. S., Crowther T. W., Averill C., Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity. Commun. Biol. 6, 1066 (2023). PubMed PMC
Jiang F., Lutz J. A., Guo Q., Hao Z., Wang X., Gilbert G. S., Mao Z., Orwig D. A., Parker G. G., Sang W., Liu Y., Tian S., Cadotte M. W., Jin G., Mycorrhizal type influences plant density dependence and species richness across 15 temperate forests. Ecology 102, e03259 (2021). PubMed
Jiang F., Zhu K., Cadotte M. W., Jin G., Tree mycorrhizal type mediates the strength of negative density dependence in temperate forests. J. Ecol. 108, 2601–2610 (2020).
Jia S., Wang X., Yuan Z., Lin F., Ye J., Lin G., Hao Z., Bagchi R., Tree species traits affect which natural enemies drive the janzen-connell effect in a temperate forest. Nat. Commun. 11, 286 (2020). PubMed PMC
Chen L., Swenson N. G., Ji N., Mi X., Ren H., Guo L., Ma K., Differential soil fungus accumulation and density dependence of trees in a subtropical forest. Science 366, 124–128 (2019). PubMed
Davison J., Moora M., Öpik M., Adholeya A., Ainsaar L., Bâ A., Burla S., Diedhiou A. G., Hiiesalu I., Jairus T., Johnson N. C., Kane A., Koorem K., Kochar M., Ndiaye C., Pärtel M., Reier Ü., Saks Ü., Singh R., Vasar M., Zobel M., Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism. Science 349, 970–973 (2015). PubMed
Laliberte E., Lambers H., Burgess T. I., Wright S. J., Phosphorus limitation, soil-borne pathogens and the coexistence of plant species in hyperdiverse forests and shrublands. New Phytol. 206, 507–521 (2015). PubMed
Connell J. H., Lowman M. D., Low-diversity tropical rain forests: Some possible mechanisms for their existence. Am. Nat. 134, 88–119 (1989).
Luo S., Phillips R. P., Jo I., Fei S., Liang J., Schmid B., Eisenhauer N., Higher productivity in forests with mixed mycorrhizal strategies. Nat. Commun. 14, 1377 (2023). PubMed PMC
Carteron A., Vellend M., Laliberte E., Mycorrhizal dominance reduces local tree species diversity across us forests. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 6, 370–374 (2022). PubMed
J. M. Chase, M. A. Leibold,
Johnson D., Liu X., Burslem D., Symbiotic control of canopy dominance in subtropical and tropical forests. Trends Plant Sci. 28, 995–1003 (2023). PubMed
Liu X., Burslem D. F. R. P., Taylor J. D., Taylor A. F. S., Khoo E., Majalap-Lee N., Helgason T., Johnson D., Klironomos J., Partitioning of soil phosphorus among arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal trees in tropical and subtropical forests. Ecol. Lett. 21, 713–723 (2018). PubMed
Lindahl B. D., Tunlid A., Ectomycorrhizal fungi - Potential organic matter decomposers, yet not saprotrophs. New Phytol. 205, 1443–1447 (2015). PubMed
Read D. J., Perez-Moreno J., Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems - A journey towards relevance? New Phytol. 157, 475–492 (2003). PubMed
See C. R., Luke McCormack M., Hobbie S. E., Flores-Moreno H., Silver W. L., Kennedy P. G., Global patterns in fine root decomposition: Climate, chemistry, mycorrhizal association and woodiness. Ecol. Lett. 22, 946–953 (2019). PubMed
Averill C., Bhatnagar J. M., Dietze M. C., Pearse W. D., Kivlin S. N., Global imprint of mycorrhizal fungi on whole-plant nutrient economics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 23163–23168 (2019). PubMed PMC
Dickie I. A., Koele N., Blum J. D., Gleason J. D., McGlone M. S., Mycorrhizas in changing ecosystems. Botany 92, 149–160 (2014).
Jiang F., Bennett J. A., Crawford K. M., Heinze J., Pu X., Luo A., Wang Z., Global patterns and drivers of plant-soil microbe interactions. Ecol. Lett. 27, e14364 (2024). PubMed
Comita L. S., Queenborough S. A., Murphy S. J., Eck J. L., Xu K., Krishnadas M., Beckman N., Zhu Y., Gomez-Aparicio L., Testing predictions of the janzen-connell hypothesis: A meta-analysis of experimental evidence for distance- and density-dependent seed and seedling survival. J. Ecol. 102, 845–856 (2014). PubMed PMC
Schemske D. W., Mittelbach G. G., Cornell H. V., Sobel J. M., Roy K., Is there a latitudinal gradient in the importance of biotic interactions? Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 40, 245–269 (2009).
Sun L., He Y., Cao M., Wang X., Zhou X., Yang J., Swenson N. G., Tree phytochemical diversity and herbivory are higher in the tropics. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 8, 1426–1436 (2024). PubMed
Callaway R. M., Brooker R., Choler P., Kikvidze Z., Lortie C. J., Michalet R., Paolini L., Pugnaire F. I., Newingham B., Aschehoug E. T., Armas C., Kikodze D., Cook B. J., Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature 417, 844–848 (2002). PubMed
Dinerstein E., Olson D., Joshi A., Vynne C., Burgess N. D., Wikramanayake E., Hahn N., Palminteri S., Hedao P., Noss R., Hansen M., Locke H., Ellis E. C., Jones B., Barber C. V., Hayes R., Kormos C., Martin V., Crist E., Sechrest W., Price L., Baillie J. E. M., Weeden D., Suckling K., Davis C., Sizer N., Moore R., Thau D., Birch T., Potapov P., Turubanova S., Tyukavina A., de Souza N., Pintea L., Brito J. C., Llewellyn O. A., Miller A. G., Patzelt A., Ghazanfar S. A., Timberlake J., Kloser H., Shennan-Farpon Y., Kindt R., Lilleso J. B., van Breugel P., Graudal L., Voge M., Al-Shammari K. F., Saleem M., An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. Bioscience 67, 534–545 (2017). PubMed PMC
Hulsmann L., Chisholm R. A., Comita L., Visser M. D., de Souza Leite M., Aguilar S., Anderson-Teixeira K. J., Bourg N. A., Brockelman W. Y., Bunyavejchewin S., Castano N., Chang-Yang C. H., Chuyong G. B., Clay K., Davies S. J., Duque A., Ediriweera S., Ewango C., Gilbert G. S., Holik J., Howe R. W., Hubbell S. P., Itoh A., Johnson D. J., Kenfack D., Kral K., Larson A. J., Lutz J. A., Makana J. R., Malhi Y., McMahon S. M., McShea W. J., Mohamad M., Nasardin M., Nathalang A., Norden N., Oliveira A. A., Parmigiani R., Perez R., Phillips R. P., Pongpattananurak N., Sun I. F., Swanson M. E., Tan S., Thomas D., Thompson J., Uriarte M., Wolf A. T., Yao T. L., Zimmerman J. K., Zuleta D., Hartig F., Latitudinal patterns in stabilizing density dependence of forest communities. Nature 627, 564–571 (2024). PubMed PMC
LaManna J. A., Mangan S. A., Alonso A., Bourg N. A., Brockelman W. Y., Bunyavejchewin S., Chang L. W., Chiang J. M., Chuyong G. B., Clay K., Condit R., Cordell S., Davies S. J., Furniss T. J., Giardina C. P., Gunatilleke I., Gunatilleke C. V. S., He F., Howe R. W., Hubbell S. P., Hsieh C. F., Inman-Narahari F. M., Janik D., Johnson D. J., Kenfack D., Korte L., Kral K., Larson A. J., Lutz J. A., McMahon S. M., McShea W. J., Memiaghe H. R., Nathalang A., Novotny V., Ong P. S., Orwig D. A., Ostertag R., Parker G. G., Phillips R. P., Sack L., Sun I. F., Tello J. S., Thomas D. W., Turner B. L., Vela Diaz D. M., Vrska T., Weiblen G. D., Wolf A., Yap S., Myers J. A., Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale. Science 356, 1389–1392 (2017). PubMed
Johnson D. J., Beaulieu W. T., Bever J. D., Clay K., Conspecific negative density dependence and forest diversity. Science 336, 904–907 (2012). PubMed
McGuire K. L., Common ectomycorrhizal networks may maintain monodominance in a tropical rain forest. Ecology 88, 567–574 (2007). PubMed
Newbery D. M., Alexander I. J., Rother J. A., Does proximity to conspecific adults influence the establishment of ectomycorrhizal trees in rain forest? New Phytol. 147, 401–409 (2000).
Medina-Vega J. A., Zuleta D., Aguilar S., Alonso A., Bissiengou P., Brockelman W. Y., Bunyavejchewin S., Burslem D., Castano N., Chave J., Dalling J. W., de Oliveira A. A., Duque A., Ediriweera S., Ewango C. E. N., Filip J., Hubbell S. P., Itoh A., Kiratiprayoon S., Lum S. K. Y., Makana J. R., Memiaghe H., Mitre D., Mohamad M. B., Nathalang A., Nilus R., Nkongolo N. V., Novotny V., O'Brien M. J., Perez R., Pongpattananurak N., Reynolds G., Russo S. E., Tan S., Thompson J., Uriarte M., Valencia R., Vicentini A., Yao T. L., Zimmerman J. K., Davies S. J., Tropical tree ectomycorrhiza are distributed independently of soil nutrients. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 8, 400–410 (2024). PubMed
Peh K. S. H., Sonké B., Lloyd J., Quesada C. A., Lewis S. L., Soil does not explain monodominance in a central african tropical forest. PLOS One 6, e16996 (2011). PubMed PMC
Lu M., Hedin L. O., Global plant-symbiont organization and emergence of biogeochemical cycles resolved by evolution-based trait modelling. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 239–250 (2019). PubMed
Corrales A., Mangan S. A., Turner B. L., Dalling J. W., An ectomycorrhizal nitrogen economy facilitates monodominance in a neotropical forest. Ecol. Lett. 19, 383–392 (2016). PubMed
Steidinger B. S., Crowther T. W., Liang J., Van Nuland M. E., Werner G. D. A., Reich P. B., Nabuurs G., de Miguel S., Zhou M., Picard N., Herault B., Zhao X., Zhang C., Routh D., Peay K. G., GFBI consortium , Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses. Nature 569, 404–408 (2019). PubMed
Keller A. B., Phillips R. P., Leaf litter decay rates differ between mycorrhizal groups in temperate, but not tropical, forests. New Phytol. 222, 556–564 (2019). PubMed
Barceló M., van Bodegom P. M., Tedersoo L., Olsson P. A., Soudzilovskaia N. A., Mycorrhizal tree impacts on topsoil biogeochemical properties in tropical forests. J. Ecol. 110, 1271–1282 (2022).
Fang J., Shen Z., Tang Z., Wang X., Wang Z., Feng J., Liu Y., Qiao X., Wu X., Zheng C., Forest community survey and the structural characteristics of forests in china. Ecography 35, 1059–1071 (2012).
Gentry A. H., Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 75, 1 (1988).
Enquist B., Boyle B., Salvias – the salvias vegetation inventory database. Biodivers. Ecol. 4, 288–288 (2012).
Maitner B. S., Boyle B., Casler N., Condit R., Donoghue J., Durán S. M., Guaderrama D., Hinchliff C. E., Jørgensen P. M., Kraft N. J. B., McGill B., Merow C., Morueta-Holme N., Peet R. K., Sandel B., Schildhauer M., Smith S. A., Svenning J.-C., Thiers B., Violle C., Wiser S., Enquist B. J., McMahon S., The bien r package: A tool to access the botanical information and ecology network (bien) database. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9, 373–379 (2018).
Ma H., Crowther T. W., Mo L., Maynard D. S., Renner S. S., van den Hoogen J., Zou Y., Liang J., de Miguel S., Nabuurs G.-J., Reich P. B., Niinemets Ü., Abegg M., Yao Y. C. A., Alberti G., Zambrano A. M. A., Alvarado B. V., Alvarez-Dávila E., Alvarez-Loayza P., Alves L. F., Ammer C., Antón-Fernández C., Araujo-Murakami A., Arroyo L., Avitabile V., Aymard G. A., Baker T. R., Bałazy R., Banki O., Barroso J. G., Bastian M. L., Bastin J.-F., Birigazzi L., Birnbaum P., Bitariho R., Boeckx P., Bongers F., Bouriaud O., Brancalion P. H. S., Brandl S., Brearley F. Q., Brienen R., Broadbent E. N., Bruelheide H., Bussotti F., Gatti R. C., César R. G., Cesljar G., Chazdon R., Chen H. Y. H., Chisholm C., Cho H., Cienciala E., Clark C., Clark D., Colletta G. D., Coomes D. A., Valverde F. C., Corral-Rivas J. J., Crim P. M., Cumming J. R., Dayanandan S., de Gasper A. L., Decuyper M., Derroire G., De Vries B., Djordjevic I., Dolezal J., Dourdain A., Obiang N. L. E., Enquist B. J., Eyre T. J., Fandohan A. B., Fayle T. M., Feldpausch T. R., Ferreira L. V., Finér L., Fischer M., Fletcher C., Fridman J., Frizzera L., Gamarra J. G. P., Gianelle D., Glick H. B., Harris D. J., Hector A., Hemp A., Hengeveld G., Hérault B., Herbohn J. L., Herold M., Hillers A., Coronado E. N. H., Hui C., Ibanez T. T., Amaral I., Imai N., Jagodziński A. M., Jaroszewicz B., Johannsen V. K., Joly C. A., Jucker T., Jung I., Karminov V., Kartawinata K., Kearsley E., Kenfack D., Kennard D. K., Kepfer-Rojas S., Keppel G., Khan M. L., Killeen T. J., Kim H. S., Kitayama K., Köhl M., Korjus H., Kraxner F., Kucher D., Laarmann D., Lang M., Lewis S. L., Lu H., Lukina N. V., Maitner B. S., Malhi Y., Marcon E., Marimon B. S., Marimon-Junior B. H., Marshall A. R., Martin E. H., Meave J. A., Melo-Cruz O., Mendoza C., Merow C., Mendoza A. M., Moreno V. S., Mukul S. A., Mundhenk P., Nava-Miranda M. G., Neill D., Neldner V. J., Nevenic R. V., Ngugi M. R., Niklaus P. A., Oleksyn J., Ontikov P., Ortiz-Malavasi E., Pan Y., Paquette A., Parada-Gutierrez A., Parfenova E. I., Park M., Parren M., Parthasarathy N., Peri P. L., Pfautsch S., Phillips O. L., Picard N., Piedade M. T. F., Piotto D., Pitman N. C. A., Mendoza-Polo I., Poulsen A. D., Poulsen J. R., Pretzsch H., Arevalo F. R., Restrepo-Correa Z., Rodeghiero M., Rolim S. G., Roopsind A., Rovero F., Rutishauser E., Saikia P., Salas-Eljatib C., Saner P., Schall P., Schelhaas M.-J., Schepaschenko D., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Schmid B., Schöngart J., Searle E. B., Seben V., Serra-Diaz J. M., Sheil D., Shvidenko A. Z., Silva-Espejo J. E., Silveira M., Singh J., Sist P., Slik F., Sonké B., Souza A. F., Miścicki S., Stereńczak K. J., Svenning J.-C., Svoboda M., Swanepoel B., Targhetta N., Tchebakova N., Steege H. T., Thomas R., Tikhonova E., Umunay P. M., Usoltsev V. A., Valencia R., Valladares F., van der Plas F., Van Do T., van Nuland M. E., Vasquez R. M., Verbeeck H., Viana H., Vibrans A. C., Vieira S., von Gadow K., Wang H.-F., Watson J. V., Werner G. D. A., Westerlund B., Wiser S. K., Wittmann F., Woell H., Wortel V., Zagt R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T., Zhang C., Zhao X., Zhou M., Zhu Z.-X., Zo-Bi I. C., Zohner C. M., The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit. Nat. Plants 9, 1795–1809 (2023). PubMed PMC
Boyle B., Hopkins N., Lu Z., Raygoza Garay J. A., Mozzherin D., Rees T., Matasci N., Narro M. L., Piel W. H., McKay S. J., Lowry S., Freeland C., Peet R. K., Enquist B. J., The taxonomic name resolution service: An online tool for automated standardization of plant names. BMC Bioinformatics 14, 16 (2013). PubMed PMC
R Core Team. 2023. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing, vienna, austria. https://R-project.org/.
Brundrett M. C., Tedersoo L., Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity. New Phytol. 220, 1108–1115 (2018). PubMed
Brundrett M. C., Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: Understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis. Plant Soil 320, 37–77 (2009).
Zomer R. J., Xu J., Trabucco A., Version 3 of the global aridity index and potential evapotranspiration database. Sci. Data 9, 409 (2022). PubMed PMC
Hengl T., Mendes de Jesus J., Heuvelink G. B., Ruiperez Gonzalez M., Kilibarda M., Blagotic A., Shangguan W., Wright M. N., Geng X., Bauer-Marschallinger B., Guevara M. A., Vargas R., MacMillan R. A., Batjes N. H., Leenaars J. G., Ribeiro E., Wheeler I., Mantel S., Kempen B., Soilgrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning. PLOS ONE 12, e0169748 (2017). PubMed PMC
Amatulli G., Domisch S., Tuanmu M. N., Parmentier B., Ranipeta A., Malczyk J., Jetz W., A suite of global, cross-scale topographic variables for environmental and biodiversity modeling. Sci. Data 5, 180040 (2018). PubMed PMC
R. J. Hijmans. 2023 Terra: Spatial data analysis. R package version 1.7–46 https://cran.R-project.Org/package=terra.
Crase B., Liedloff A. C., Wintle B. A., A new method for dealing with residual spatial autocorrelation in species distribution models. Ecography 35, 879–888 (2012).
Breiman L., Classification and regression by randomforest. MLear 45, 5–32 (2001).
Zemunik G., Turner B. L., Lambers H., Laliberté E., Diversity of plant nutrient-acquisition strategies increases during long-term ecosystem development. Nat. Plants 1, 15050 (2015).
Lefcheck J. S., Freckleton R., Piecewisesem: Piecewise structural equation modelling in r for ecology, evolution, and systematics. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 573–579 (2015).
