This review article presents an overview of the recent significant developments in the separation and analysis of intact proteins by capillary electromigration methods published in the period mid-2021-end-2024. The topics reported include sample preparation, prevention of protein adsorption on the inner fused silica capillary wall and control of electroosmotic flow, separation and analysis of proteins by distinct capillary electromigration methods, and various detection techniques online and offline coupled with these methods. Moreover, the most significant applications of CE methods in the areas of quality control of protein pharmaceuticals, determination of proteins in complex matrices, study of protein post-translational modifications and peptide mapping, investigation of protein interactions with other biomolecules, and determination of physicochemical characteristics of proteins are presented. Advantages and issues of CE methods and future trends of their developments are discussed.

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo 542 2 Prague 6 160 00 Czechia

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Recent Developments in Capillary and Microchip Electroseparations of Peptides (2023-mid 2025)