BACKGROUND: Postoperative speech impairment (POSI) and cranial nerve deficits (CND) are common complications of pediatric posterior fossa (PF) tumor surgery. Intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) has proven a useful tool in achieving gross total resection. The risk of POSI and CND with ioMRI remains unclear, making it the primary scope of this study. Additionally, we assessed whether POSI was associated with CND. METHODS: We prospectively included pediatric patients undergoing PF tumor surgery in 36 centers across 15 European countries. Neurological status and speech were assessed preoperatively and 1-4 weeks postoperatively. Surgical details, including tumor location and use of ioMRI, were recorded within 72 h of surgery. Postoperative CND were categorized as 0, 1, 2, or ≥ 3 nerves affected; POSI as habitual, reduced speech, or mutism. Proportional odds models estimated odds ratios (OR) for 1) POSI with stepwise adjustment for tumor location and age, and 2) CND with adjustment for preoperative CND and tumor location. Subgroup analyses assessed systematic differences, missing data, center-level effects, and histology adjustment. RESULTS: Of 790 primary PF tumor surgeries, 141 (18%) involved ioMRI. POSI occurred in 183/790 (23%) and postoperative CND in 213/790 (27%). POSI-risk with ioMRI showed non-significant unadjusted OR (95% CI) 0.83 (0.53;1.30); adjusted OR 0.76 (0.43;1.35). Fewer CNDs were observed with ioMRI (unadjusted OR 0.63 (0.40;1.00), adjusted OR 0.58 (0.33;0.94), p = 0.03). POSI-risk was associated with more CNDs (adjusted OR for 1 CND: 2.06 (1.15;3.68); 2 CND: 2.13 (1.02;4.42); ≥ 3 CND: 4.15 (1.98;8.70), p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ioMRI was not associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in this multicenter cohort. The reduction in CND among ioMRI cases may reflect derived effects on surgical decision-making, expertise, case-load and case-mix. Results should be interpreted with caution due to limited intraoperative data. The association between POSI-risk and cumulative CND may indicate extensive brainstem involvement. Our findings highlight the need to further explore how ioMRI-guided strategies affect functional outcomes in pediatric PF tumour surgery. CLINICAL TRIALS ID: NCT02300766 (October 2014).

2nd Department of Pediatrics Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary

Center of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Pediatric Department and Hospital of Kauno Klinikos Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania

Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania

Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden

Department of Medical Sciences Neurosurgery Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Department of Neurosurgery 2nd Medical Faculty Motol University Hospital Prague Czechia

Department of Neurosurgery Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark

Department of Neurosurgery Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Liverpool UK

Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Department of Neurosurgery Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway

Department of Neurosurgery Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology St Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway

Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Radiology Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Liverpool UK

Neuro Oncology Unit Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Spain

Neurosurgery Unit Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS Rome Italy

Pediatric Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology Utrecht Netherlands

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