Aberrant excitatory neurotransmission associated with overproduction of glutamate has been implicated in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON, 14) attenuates glutamate synthesis in HIV-infected microglia/macrophages, offering therapeutic potential for HAND. We show that 14 prevents manifestation of spatial memory deficits in chimeric EcoHIV-infected mice, a model of HAND. 14 is not clinically available, however, because its development was hampered by peripheral toxicities. We describe the synthesis of several substituted N-(pivaloyloxy)alkoxy-carbonyl prodrugs of 14 designed to circulate inert in plasma and be taken up and biotransformed to 14 in the brain. The lead prodrug, isopropyl 6-diazo-5-oxo-2-(((phenyl(pivaloyloxy)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate (13d), was stable in swine and human plasma but liberated 14 in swine brain homogenate. When dosed systemically in swine, 13d provided a 15-fold enhanced CSF-to-plasma ratio and a 9-fold enhanced brain-to-plasma ratio relative to 14, opening a possible clinical path for the treatment of HAND.
- MeSH
- aminokapronáty aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- azosloučeniny aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- diazooxonorleucin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- glutaminasa antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- HIV infekce komplikace MeSH
- krev metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina glutamová metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- neurokognitivní poruchy farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- nootropní látky aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- prekurzory léčiv aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- stabilita léku MeSH
- virová nálož účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
