Claviceps purpurea is an ovarian parasite infecting grasses (Poaceae) including cereals and forage plants. This fungus produces toxic alkaloids and consumption of contaminated grains can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. Recent molecular genetics studies have indicated that it included three cryptic species (G1, G2, G3). In this study, reproductive isolation amongst these groups and among material from Phragmites and Molinia was tested using gene flow statistics for five polymorphic loci, and to support these data, phylogenetic affiliations based on gene trees and a multigene phylogeny were used. The four recognized species are characterized based on morphology and host spectrum and formal taxonomic names are proposed. Claviceps purpurea sensu stricto (G1 group) represents a typical rye ergot, but infects various other grasses. Typical hosts of Claviceps humidiphila (new name for G2 species), like Phalaris arundinacea, belong to grasses preferring humid locations. Claviceps spartinae (G3) is specific to chloridoid grasses from salt barches. The material from Phragmites and Molinia can be authenticated with the species Claviceps microcephala for which the new name Claviceps arundinis is proposed here. The divergence time between species was estimated and the tools for species identification are discussed.
- MeSH
- Claviceps klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- lipnicovité mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenční homologie MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
During a study of endophytic and saprotrophic fungi in the sapwood and phloem of broadleaf trees (Salix alba, Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis, Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula) fungi belonging to an anamorphic coelomycetous genus not attributable to a described taxon were detected and isolated in pure culture. The new genus, Liberomyces, with two species, L. saliciphilus and L. macrosporus, is described. Both species have subglobose conidiomata containing holoblastic sympodial conidiogenous cells. The conidiomata dehisce irregularly or by ostiole and secrete a slimy suspension of conidia. The conidia are hyaline, narrowly allantoid with a typically curved distal end. In L. macrosporus simultaneous production of synanamorph with thin filamentous conidia was observed occasionally. The genus has no known teleomorph. Related sequences in the public databases belong to endophytes of angiosperms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a position close to the Xylariales (Sordariomycetes), but family and order affiliation remained unclear.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota klasifikace genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- bříza mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA fungální MeSH
- dub (rod) mikrobiologie MeSH
- endofyty klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Magnoliopsida mikrobiologie MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
- olše mikrobiologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- Salix mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- spory hub ultrastruktura MeSH
- stromy mikrobiologie MeSH
- Ulmus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
