Výjimečné kognitivní stárnutí neboli superaging je novou oblastí výzkumu. SuperAgers jsou definováni jako osoby ve věku nejméně 80 let, které mají mladistvou epizodickou paměť. Studií je dosud poskrovnu a velmi málo se ví o jejich životním stylu a volnočasových aktivitách, včetně zapojení do fyzické aktivity, která bývá spojována s lepším zdravím. Cílem projektu je zjistit souvislosti celoživotně fyzicky aktivního životního stylu, objektivní zdatnosti a kognitivního superstárnutí u žen. Jedná se o průřezovou ex-post-facto studii. Tímto představujeme její protokol. Testováno bylo 225 žen ve věku 80–96 let, které uvedly, že jejich zapojení do fyzické aktivity v období mezi 30. a 60. rokem života bylo alespoň na úrovni doporučené Světovou zdravotnickou organizací pro dospělé, tj. alespoň 150 minut aerobní fyzické aktivity střední intenzity týdně. Epizodická paměť byla testována Reyovým testem auditorně verbálního učení, nepaměťovými testy byly Test cesty, Verbální fluence – zvířata a Bostonský test pojmenování – 30položková verze. Ke zmapování předchozích a současných volnočasových aktivit bylo použito několik dotazníků. Objektivní údaje byly získány pomocí Senior Fitness Testu. Uvádíme také srovnávací data z předchozí české studie kognitivně normálních starších osob, NANOK, se kterými budeme náš soubor porovnávat. Konkrétně použijeme dílčí výběr 70 žen ve věku 80–94 let, které byly vybrány ze souboru NANOK na základě stejných kritérií pro zařazení jako do studie COSACTIW. Z nich bylo 23 (32,9 %) SuperAgers. Naše zjištění mohou nabídnout podněty k preventivním strategiím pro úspěšné stárnutí a kognitivní odolnost.
Exceptional cognitive aging, or superaging is a recent area of research. SuperAgers are defined as persons aged at least 80 years who have youthful episodic memory. Studies are scarce and very little is known about their lifestyle and leisure activities including their engagement in physical activity, which is otherwise known to be associated with better health. The project aims to identify associations between a lifelong physically active lifestyle, objective fitness and cognitive superaging in old-old women. COSACTIW is a cross-sectional ex-post-facto study. Herewith, we present its protocol. There were 225 women aged 80-96 years tested who reported that their engagement in physical activity between the ages of 30 to 60 years was at least on the level recommended for adults by the World Health Organization, i.e. at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity per week. Episodic memory was tested with Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, non-memory tests were Trail Making Test, Verbal fluency – animals, and Boston Naming Test – 30 item version. Several questionnaires were used to map previous and current leisure activities. Objective data were obtained with the Senior Fitness Test. We also present benchmark data from a previous Czech study of cognitively normal older persons, NANOK, to whom we will compare our sample. Specifically, we are going to use a subsample of 70 women, aged 80-94 years, who were selected from the NANOK sample using the same inclusion criteria as in COSACTIW. There were 23 (32.9%) SuperAgers among them. Our findings may offer insights into preventive strategies for successful aging and cognitive resilience.
BACKGROUND: SuperAging is one of the current concepts related to elite, resilient or high-functioning cognitive aging. The main aim of our study was to find possible predictors of SuperAgers (SA). METHODS: Community-dwelling older persons (N = 96) aged 80-101 years in 2018 were repeatedly tested (year 2012 and 2018). SA were defined based on their performance in 2018 as persons of 80+ years of age who recalled ≥ 9 words in the delayed recall of the Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test, and had a normal performance in non-memory tasks [the Boston Naming Test, the Trail Making Test Part B, and Category Fluency ("Animals")], which was defined as a score within or above one standard deviation from the age and education appropriate average. Three composite scores (CS; immediate memory, processing speed, and executive functions) were created from the performance in 2012, and analysed as possible predictors of SA status in 2018. RESULTS: We identified 19 SA (15 females) and 77 nonSA (42 females), groups did not significantly differ in age, years of education, and sex. The logistic regression model (p = 0.028) revealed three predictors of SA from the baseline (year 2012), including processing speed (p = 0.006; CS-speed: the Prague Stroop Test-Dots and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test), sex (p = 0.015), and age (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, SA may be predicted based on the level of processing speed, which supports the hypothesis of the processing speed theory of healthy aging.
- MeSH
- exekutivní funkce MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- rychlost zpracování * MeSH
- Stroopův test MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cognitive performance is dynamic and shaped by individual biological and environmental factors throughout life. In psychology, besides the effects of age, education, and other often studied factors, the complexity of the lived-in environment and urbanicity in that context are yet to be elucidated. In this observational cross-sectional study, we compare cognitive performance in standard neuropsychological tests in healthy older persons from three different types of settlements in the Czechia: the capital city of Prague, towns, and villages. The groups were equal in terms of the age-band (60-74 years), the distribution of gender, education, past and current leisure activities, and cognitive health status (MMSE score). The results showed that Prague citizens had consistently better performance in all verbal tests (for memory and verbal control, i.e., executive function) and attention than persons from other areas. The groups did not differ in timed visuo-graphomotor performance. The conclusion is that the complex environment of a city may promote, in the long-term, certain cognitive abilities, distinguishable even in a developed, culturally homogenous country. The implications are: (a) the description of samples used in normative studies should include information on the lived-in environment for the reference of researchers and clinicians; and (b) individual clinical assessment should reflect the role of the patient's environment where appropriate. The exact mechanisms and causes of the differences need further investigation.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
