Guidelines for screening for primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are well-defined and several consensus diagnostic strategies have been proposed. These consensus proposals have only partially been implemented due to lack of standardization in laboratory procedures, particularly in flow cytometry. The main objectives of the EuroFlow Consortium were to innovate and thoroughly standardize the flowcytometric techniques and strategies for reliable and reproducible diagnosis and classification of PID of the lymphoid system. The proposed EuroFlow antibody panels comprise one orientation tube and seven classification tubes and corresponding databases of normal and PID samples. The 8-color 12-antibody PID Orientation tube (PIDOT) aims at identification and enumeration of the main lymphocyte and leukocyte subsets; this includes naïve pre-germinal center (GC) and antigen-experienced post-GC memory B-cells and plasmablasts. The seven additional 8(-12)-color tubes can be used according to the EuroFlow PID algorithm in parallel or subsequently to the PIDOT for more detailed analysis of B-cell and T-cell subsets to further classify PID of the lymphoid system. The Pre-GC, Post-GC, and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH)-isotype B-cell tubes aim at identification and enumeration of B-cell subsets for evaluation of B-cell maturation blocks and specific defects in IgH-subclass production. The severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) tube and T-cell memory/effector subset tube aim at identification and enumeration of T-cell subsets for assessment of T-cell defects, such as SCID. In case of suspicion of antibody deficiency, PIDOT is preferably directly combined with the IgH isotype tube(s) and in case of SCID suspicion (e.g., in newborn screening programs) the PIDOT is preferably directly combined with the SCID T-cell tube. The proposed ≥8-color antibody panels and corresponding reference databases combined with the EuroFlow PID algorithm are designed to provide fast, sensitive and cost-effective flowcytometric diagnosis of PID of the lymphoid system, easily applicable in multicenter diagnostic settings world-wide.

• MeSH
• B-Lymphocytes immunology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Immunologic Memory immunology   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Leukocytes immunology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymphocytes immunology   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Neonatal Screening methods   MeSH
• Plasma Cells immunology   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases diagnosis   immunology   MeSH
• Flow Cytometry methods   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• T-Lymphocytes immunology   MeSH
• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency diagnosis   immunology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Program epidemiologickej bdelosti zameraný na hemofilové infekcie na Slovensku bol koncipovaný ako pomerne rozsiahla selektívna surveillance, ktorá mala poskytnúť relevantné informácie o výskyte inváznych hemofilových infekcií na Slovensku s konečným cieľom ich kontroly zavedením celoplošného očkovania v rámci imunizačného programu. Surveillance v priebehu 15 rokov trvania prešla vývojom podľa toho, ako bolo potrebné riešiť aktuálne vzniknuté problémy a reagovať na podnety z terénu. Autori poskytujú informácie o výskyte ochorení, diagnostických postupoch a sérologických prehľadoch uskutočnených v rámci multidisciplinárneho prístupu. Po zavedení očkovania bol prístup rozšírený o sledovanie možného replacementu sérotypov, zmeny stavu rezistencie, nosičstva a o sledovanie možného výskytu autoimunitných ochorení súvisiacich s očkovaním proti Hib.

The epidemiological survey programme focused on Haemophilus infections in Slovakia was a broad selective surveillance the purpose of which was to provide relevant information about invasive Haemophilus diseases. The aim was to incorporate the conjugated Hib vaccine to the regular immunisation schedule. 15 years of surveillance revealed several problems and questions that had to be solved. The authors present their experience from the process of collecting and analysing information about the incidence of Hib diseases, the diagnostic algorithm, and the serological survey carried out using a multidisciplinary approach. After the successful implementation of vaccination, its impact was analysed and new questions had to be followed-up, serotype replacement and Hib vaccination related autoimmunity issues being the most acute ones.

• Keywords
• hemofilové invázne ochorenia, surveillance, očkovanie, konjugovaná vakcína, Hib,
• MeSH
• Autoimmunity MeSH
• Autoimmune Diseases complications   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Haemophilus influenzae type b MeSH
• Haemophilus Infections diagnosis   prevention & control   MeSH
• Haemophilus Vaccines therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Meningitis, Haemophilus diagnosis   complications   MeSH
• Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
• Mass Screening MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Vaccination adverse effects   MeSH
• Vaccines, Conjugate therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

The expression of genes related to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway were determined. Group A, B and C fed with basal diet and group D, E and F induced TD by feeding a basal diet containing 100 mg·kg-1 thiram. rGSTA3 protein was injected at 20 μg·kg-1 in group B, E and at 50 μg·kg-1 in C, F. Results suggested that lameness and death of chondrocytes were significant on day 14. TLRs signaling pathway related genes were screened based on the transcriptome enrichment, and validated on qPCR. IL-7, TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, MyD88, MHC-II, MDA5 and TRAF6 were significantly (p < 0.05) expressed in group E and F as compared to group D on day 14 and 23. IL-7, MHCII, TRAF6, TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR15 determined insignificant in group D compared to group A on day 23. TD occur in an early phase and alleviated in the later period. rGSTA3 protein can prevent apoptosis and repair degraded chondrocytes.

• MeSH
• Apoptosis MeSH
• Chondrocytes physiology   MeSH
• Erythrocytes physiology   MeSH
• Glutathione Transferase genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Chickens immunology   MeSH
• Poultry Diseases immunology   MeSH
• Osteochondrodysplasias immunology   MeSH
• Immunity, Innate MeSH
• Avian Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Recombinant Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Signal Transduction genetics   MeSH
• Thiram metabolism   MeSH
• Toll-Like Receptors metabolism   MeSH
• Transcriptome MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Dosáhnout ideální hmotnosti a mít ze sebe dobrý pocit! K tomu vám pomůže aplikace stravovacího programu uvedeného v této knize. Změna stravování je snadná, a pokud budete nové stravovací návyky dodržovat, nebudete mít s nadváhou již nikdy problémy. Obtíže, které způsobuje špatný způsob stravování, nedostatek pohybu a stres, dostanete pod kontrolu a postupně se jich zbavíte. Současně předejdete vzniku takových chorob, jako jsou inzulínová rezistence, cukrovka, Alzheimerova choroba a kardiovaskulární poruchy. Jak to funguje? To vám vysvětlí výživová poradkyně Jutta Poschetová, která vyvinula a úspěšně vyzkoušela stravovací program, který je postaven na originálním 4-denním rotačním principu skupin potravin. Díky tomu se aktivuje látková výměna, imunitní systém se trvale posiluje, zahojí se postupně nejrůznější záněty v těle a v konečném efektu se sníží hmotnost. A to vše bez jo-jo efektu! Aktivujte své tělo a duši pomocí celostního léčebného konceptu pro podporu látkové výměny! Využijte rad ohledně sportovního programu!

• MeSH
• Diet Therapy MeSH
• Immunity MeSH
• Immune System MeSH
• Menu Planning MeSH
• Nutritional Sciences MeSH
• Publication type
• Popular Work MeSH
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NML Fields
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
• alergologie a imunologie

Diabetes mellitus 1. typu je důsledek autoimunitní inzulitidy, která je podstatně více heterogenní než se dříve předpokládalo. histopatologické nálezy se u autoimunitní inzulitidy liší podle věku jedince, což odráží i patogenetickou heterogenitu onemocnění. tato heterogenita může ovlivnit i imunointervenční strategie a s tímto ohledem začaly být popisovány specifické endotypy choroby. Průlomovým krokem v sekundární prevenci propuknutí diabetu 1. typu bylo v roce 2022 schválení teplizumabu (monoklonální protilátka proti znaku cD3) ve Spojených státech jako prvního tzv. chorobu modifikujícího léku pro osoby ve ii. stadiu rozvoje diabetu (toto stadium je charakterizované přítomností dvou a více autoprotilátek a prediabetickou dysglykemií). teplizumab účinně oddaluje progresi onemocnění do stadia klinického diabetu v průměru asi o dva roky. tento fakt podporuje rozvoj celopopulačních screeningových programů, které mají za cíl pomocí vyšetřování autoprotilátek (podle stanoveného genetického rizika nebo i bez něj) vytipovat jedince vhodné pro aplikaci různých preventivních opatření.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is consequence of autoimmune insulitis which is significantly more heterogeneous than previously thought. histopathological findings in autoimmune insulitis differ according to the age of the individual, which also reflects the pathogenetic heterogeneity of the disease. immune intervention strategies should be adapted to this heterogeneity. With this in mind, specific endotypes of the disease have begun to be described. a breakthrough step was the approval of teplizumab (a monoclonal anti-cD3 antibody) in the United States in 2022 as the first so-called disease-modifying drug for people in ii. stage of diabetes development (this stage is characterized by the presence of two or more autoantibodies and prediabetic dysglycemia). teplizumab effectively delays progression to clinical diabetes by about two years on average. this fact stimulates the development of population-wide screening programs that, with the help of autoantibody testing (according to the determination of genetic risk or separately), aim to select individuals suitable for the application of various preventive measures.

• Keywords
• autoimunitní inzulitida,
• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 * immunology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Immunity, Humoral MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Earthworms are not endowed with adaptive immunity and they are rely on the tools of innate immunity. Cells of the innate immune system utilize pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, to detect the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The first earthworm TLR was isolated from Eisenia andrei earthworms (EaTLR), which belongs to the single cysteine cluster TLR (sccTLR). Here, we identified a new multiple cysteine cluster TLR (mccTLR) in E. andrei earthworms. Phylogenetic DNA analysis revealed that it has no variability within one earthworm as well as in the population. By screening of the tissue expression profile, the TLR was expressed primarily in earthworm seminal vesicles and receptacles suggesting a connection to sperm cells. Seminal vesicles are often heavily infected by gregarine parasites. As a sign of immune response, a strong melanization reaction is visible around parasites. Stimulation experiments with profilin from related parasite Toxoplasma gondii, led to the upregulation of mccEaTLR in the earthworm seminal vesicles. Also, profilin activated prophenoloxidase cascade, the efficient mechanism of innate immunity. However, its involvement in the NF-κB signaling was not proven. Further, we provide evidence that the antibiotics metronidazole and griseofulvin destroyed the developing spermatocytes. The observed decrease in the mccEaTLR mRNA levels after the antibiotic treatment of parasites is caused by the decline of sperm cells numbers rather than by diminution of the parasites. Since earthworms with extensively reduced parasite load had a similar amount of mccEaTLR mRNA, presumably, earthworm sperm cells have a certain level of mccEaTLR expressed as a standard, which can be augmented by particular antigenic stimulation. Also, mccEaTLR was expressed mainly in the early stages of earthworm development and presumably is primarily involved in early embryonic development. Expression of mccEaTLR in seminal vesicles correlates with the expression of endothelial monocyte-activation polypeptide II. High-throughput sequencing of gregarine DNA from seminal vesicles of individual earthworms resulted in great diversity of the observed genotypes. Phylogenetically, all observed OTUs belong to the clade of earthworm gregarines suggesting host specificity. Overall, mccEaTLR is supposed to play a function role in early embryonic development and potentially it participates in immune response against parasites.

• MeSH
• Cysteine MeSH
• Cytokines immunology   MeSH
• Embryonic Development immunology   MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• RNA, Messenger immunology   MeSH
• Neoplasm Proteins immunology   MeSH
• NF-kappa B immunology   MeSH
• Oligochaeta immunology   MeSH
• Immunity, Innate immunology   MeSH
• RNA-Binding Proteins immunology   MeSH
• Receptors, Pattern Recognition immunology   MeSH
• Signal Transduction immunology   MeSH
• Toll-Like Receptors immunology   MeSH
• Toxoplasma immunology   MeSH
• Up-Regulation immunology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Dizertační práce, která se zaměřila na imunitní aspekty při rozvoji paradontitidy a na imunologická vyšetření.

• MeSH
• Immunity MeSH
• Immunologic Tests MeSH
• Periodontitis MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Publication type
• Academic Dissertation MeSH

• Conspectus
• Stomatologie
• NML Fields
• zubní lékařství
• alergologie a imunologie

In the past decade, single-cell transcriptomics has helped to uncover new cell types and states and led to the construction of a cellular compendium of health and disease. Despite this progress, some difficult-to-sequence cells remain absent from tissue atlases. Eosinophils-elusive granulocytes that are implicated in a plethora of human pathologies1-5-are among these uncharted cell types. The heterogeneity of eosinophils and the gene programs that underpin their pleiotropic functions remain poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of mouse eosinophils. We identify an active and a basal population of intestinal eosinophils, which differ in their transcriptome, surface proteome and spatial localization. By means of a genome-wide CRISPR inhibition screen and functional assays, we reveal a mechanism by which interleukin-33 (IL-33) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) induce the accumulation of active eosinophils in the inflamed colon. Active eosinophils are endowed with bactericidal and T cell regulatory activity, and express the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and PD-L1. Notably, active eosinophils are enriched in the lamina propria of a small cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and are closely associated with CD4+ T cells. Our findings provide insights into the biology of eosinophils and highlight the crucial contribution of this cell type to intestinal homeostasis, immune regulation and host defence. Furthermore, we lay a framework for the characterization of eosinophils in human gastrointestinal diseases.

• MeSH
• Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis MeSH
• B7-1 Antigen metabolism   MeSH
• Eosinophils * classification   cytology   immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases immunology   MeSH
• Immunity * MeSH
• Interferon-gamma MeSH
• Interleukin-33 MeSH
• Colitis * immunology   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Proteome MeSH
• Intestines * immunology   pathology   MeSH
• T-Lymphocytes MeSH
• Transcriptome MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH