Pesticides can enter aquatic environments potentially affecting non-target organisms. Unfortunately, the effects of such substances are still poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of the active neonicotinoid substance thiacloprid (TH) and the commercial product Calypso 480 SC (CA) (active compound 40.4% TH) on Mytilus galloprovincialis after short-term exposure to sublethal concentrations. Mussels were tested for seven days to 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg L-1 TH and 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1 CA. For this purpose, several parameters, such as cell viability of haemocytes and digestive cells, biochemical haemolymph features, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity of gills and digestive gland, as well as histology of such tissues were analysed. The sublethal concentrations of both substances lead to abatement or completely stopping the byssal fibres creation. Biochemical analysis of haemolymph showed significant changes (P < 0.01) in electrolytes ions (Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, S-phosphor), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity and glucose concentration following exposure to both substances. The TH-exposed mussels showed significant imbalance (P < 0.05) in CAT activity in digestive gland and gills. CA caused significant decrease (P < 0.05) in SOD activity in gills and in CAT activity in both tissues. Results of histological analyses showed severe damage in both digestive gland and gills in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This study provides useful information about the acute toxicity of a neonicotinoid compound and a commercial insecticide on mussels. Nevertheless, considering that neonicotinoids are still widely used and that mussels are very important species for marine environment and human consumption, further researches are needed to better comprehend the potential risk posed by such compounds to aquatic non-target species.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• hemocyty účinky léků   MeSH
• hemolymfa účinky léků   MeSH
• insekticidy toxicita   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Mytilus účinky léků   MeSH
• neonikotinoidy toxicita   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity MeSH
• thiaziny toxicita   MeSH
• viabilita buněk MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• žábry účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The Gulf of Follonica (Italy) is impacted by the chemical pollution from ancient mining activity and present industrial processes. This study was aimed to determine the bioavailability of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in coastal marine environment and to assess the genotoxic potential of waste waters entering the sea from an industrial canal. Moderately high levels of DCLs compounds (∑ PCDDs + PCDFs 2.18–29.00 pg/g dry wt) were detected in Mytilus galloprovincialis transplanted near the waste waters canal and their corresponding Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) calculated. In situ exposed mussels did not show any genotoxic effect (by Comet and Micronucleus assay). Otherwise, laboratory exposure to canal waters exhibited a reduced genomic template stability (by RAPD-PCR assay) but not DNA or chromosomal damage. Our data reveal the need to focus on the levels and distribution of DLCs in edible species from the study area considering their potential transfer to humans through the consumption of sea food.

• MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• dioxiny analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• mutageny analýza   chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• Mytilus účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

• MeSH
• antioxidancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chondroitin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dietoterapie * klasifikace   metody   využití   MeSH
• glukosamin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kolagen aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny MeSH
• Mytilus edulis MeSH
• nemoci kloubů * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nemoci koček MeSH
• nemoci psů MeSH
• oleje rostlin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• omega-3 mastné kyseliny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Persea MeSH
• potravní doplňky * klasifikace   využití   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Despite the growing concern over the potential biological impact of nanoparticles (NPs) in the aquatic environment, little is known about their interactions with other pollutants. The bivalve Mytilus sp, largely utilized as a sentinel for marine contamination, has been shown to represent a significant target for different types of NP, including n-TiO2, one of the most widespread in use. In this work, the possible interactive effects of n-TiO2 and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, chosen as models of NP and organic contaminant, respectively, were investigated in Mytilus galloprovincialis. In vitro experiments with n-TiO2 and TCDD, alone and in combination, were carried out in different conditions (concentrations and times of exposure), depending on the target (hemocytes, gill cells and biopsies) and the endpoint measured. Mussels were also exposed in vivo to n-TiO2 (100 μg L(-1)) or to TCDD (0.25 μg L(-1)), alone and in combination, for 96 h. A wide range of biomarkers, from molecular to tissue level, were measured: lysosomal membrane stability and phagocytosis in hemocytes, ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters in gills (gene transcription and efflux activity), several biomarkers of genotoxicity in gill and digestive cells (DNA damage, random amplified polymorphic DNA-RAPD changes), lysosomal biomarkers and transcription of selected genes in the digestive gland. The results demonstrate that n-TiO2 and TCDD can exert synergistic or antagonistic effects, depending on experimental condition, cell/tissue and type of measured response. Some of these interactions may result from a significant increase in TCDD accumulation in whole mussel organisms in the presence of n-TiO2, indicating a Trojan horse effect. The results represent the most extensive data obtained so far on the sub-lethal effects of NPs and organic contaminants in aquatic organisms. Moreover, these data extend the knowledge on the molecular and cellular targets of NPs in bivalves.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• fagocytóza účinky léků   MeSH
• hemocyty účinky léků   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• lyzozomy účinky léků   MeSH
• Mytilus účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nanočástice toxicita   MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzodioxiny metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• poškození DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• titan toxicita   MeSH
• žábry účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

For over 30 years empirical studies have repeatedly demonstrated that the biosynthesis of morphine by diverse animal and human tissues occurs. Recently, the blue mussel's neural tissues and human white blood cells were used to demonstrate the de novo biosynthesis of morphine for small precursor molecules derived from the aromatic amino acid L-tyrosine. Because catecholamine precursors, i.e., L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), were also found to be utilized as morphine precursors, a novel reciprocally interactive mechanism is apparent that links catecholamine and opioid pathways in the activation and inhibition of diverse tissue responses. Additionally, these observations provide new insights into morphinergic signalling that transcend analgesia and addiction. We have also linked the biological effects of nitric oxide into a common effect in endogenous morphine signalling. Given the singular importance of dopamine and morphine's interaction in the CNS, the presence and association of this signalling with nitric oxide all promises to provide novel answers for mental health phenomena, which have been lacking because of the inability in accepting the empirical endogenous morphine studies.

• MeSH
• dopamin farmakologie   MeSH
• katecholaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• leukocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• levodopa metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morfin biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• Mytilus edulis metabolismus   MeSH
• opioidní peptidy metabolismus   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý farmakologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• tyrosin metabolismus   MeSH
• závislost na morfiu psychologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH