The ReAct (Recovery, Activity) project is an ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) supported initiative comprising a large consortium of laboratories. Here, the results from more than 23 laboratories are presented. The primary purpose was to design experiments simulating typical casework circumstances; collect data and to implement Bayesian networks to assess the value (i.e., likelihood ratio) of DNA results given activity level propositions. Two different experimental designs were used to simulate a robbery, where a screwdriver was used to force a door or window. Propositions and case information were chosen following laboratory feedback listing typical casework circumstances (included in the paper). In a direct transfer experiment, the defendant owned and used the screwdriver, but he did not force the door/window in question. An unknown person used the defendant's stolen screwdriver. In an indirect transfer experiment, the defendant neither owned, saw, nor used the screwdriver, nor did they force the door or window. For the second experiment, given the defence view, the defendant never held the screwdriver. We envisaged the situation where an object manipulated by the defendant (or the defendant himself/herself) would be touched by the unknown offender who would then force the window. It was found for the direct transfer experiment that unless a single contributor profile aligning with the known person's of interest profile was retrieved, the results did not allow to discriminate between propositions. On the other hand, for the indirect transfer experiment, both single and major contributor profiles that aligned with the person of interest (POI) supported the proposition that the person used the tool rather than an unknown person who had touched an object, when indeed the former was true. There was considerable variation in median recoveries of DNA between laboratories (between 200pg-5ng) for a given experiment if quantities are taken into account. These differences affect the likelihood ratios given activity level propositions. More than 2700 samples were analysed in the course of this study. Two different Bayesian Networks are made available via an open source application written in Shiny R: Shiny_React(). For comparison, all datasets were analysed using a qualitative method categorised into absent, single, major or other given contributors. The importance of standardising methods is emphasised, alongside the necessity of developing new approaches to assign the probability of laboratory-dependent DNA recovery. Freely accessible open databases play a crucial role in supporting these efforts.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta * MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting * MeSH
- DNA * genetika MeSH
- laboratoře * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
- pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
- soudní genetika metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
U jedincov s poruchou neurovývinu, s mentálnym a kognitívnym deficitom a tiež u jedincov s psychiatrickými poruchami bola zaznamenaná vyššia frekvencia atypických a zriedkavých dermatoglyfických útvarov, odlišné priemerné hodnoty papilárnych línií a odlišné zastúpenie niektorých typov minúcií v porovnaní s neurotypickou populáciou. Spoločný ektodermálny pôvod dermatoglyfických útvarov a centrálnej nervovej sústavy predstavuje základ pre štúdium genetických variantov PAS a pridružených behaviorálnych a molekulárnych znakov. Genetické pozadie porúch autistického spektra je nesporné, napriek tomu však stále nie sú identifikované všetky genetické varianty spojené s touto poruchou. Identifikácia konkrétnych génov zodpovedných za prejavy správania, ktoré sú zároveň spojené s tvorbou atypických dermatoglyfov u jedincov s PAS, by mohla pomôcť pri pochopení interagovanie genetických, epigenetických faktorov a zároveň fenotypových prejavov v etiológii PAS.
A higher frequency of atypical and rare dermatoglyphics, different average values of papillary ridges and a different representation of some types of second level details (minutiae) compared to the neurotypical population were recorded in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, mental and cognitive deficits, and also in individuals with psychiatric disorders. The common ectodermal origin of dermatoglyphic pattern formation and the central nervous system provides the basis for examination of genetic variants of autism spectrum disorder and associated behavioral and molecular features. The genetic background of autism spectrum disorder is indisputable, yet not all genetic variants associated with this disorder have been identified. Identification of specific genes responsible for behavioral manifestations that are also associated with the formation of atypical dermatoglyphic patterns in individuals with ASD could help in understanding the interaction of genetic, epigenetic factors and at the same time phenotypic manifestations in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder.
Tento návrh jednoduché metody vizualizace daktyloskopických stop na základě elektrochemické depozice polyfenazinových barviv (polyneutrální červeně a polytoluidinové modři) z neutrálního prostředí, kdy je minimalizováno poškození genetické informace, by mohl usnadnit snímání otisků prstů z nábojnic ve forenzní praxi. Parametry elektrochemických metod cyklické voltametrie a chronoamperometrie (základní elektrolyt, aplikovaný potenciál, doba depozice nebo potenciálový rozsah a počet cyklů) byly postupně optimalizovány, dokud nebyl otisk dostatečně viditelný. Morfologie a struktura modifikovaných povrchů daktyloskopických stop a polyfenazinových filmů byly studovány pomocí skenovací elektronové mikroskopie. Je předpokládán další rozvoj metody a především aplikace metody na vystřelené nábojnice.
A simple fingerprint visualization method based on the electrochemical deposition of polytoluidine blue (PTB) and polyneutral red (PNR) from a neutral environment with the possibility of minimal damage to the genetic information could facilitate fingerprinting from cartridge cases in forensic practice. The parameters of both visualization methods (supporting electrolyte, applied potential, deposition time or potential range, and number of cycles) were optimized until the imprint was sufficiently visible. The morphology and structure of modified fingerprint surfaces and polyphenazine films were studied using scanning electron microscopy. It is assumed that the method will be applied in the future to fired cartridges, which are crucial in forensics.
In today's biometric and commercial settings, state-of-the-art image processing relies solely on artificial intelligence and machine learning which provides a high level of accuracy. However, these principles are deeply rooted in abstract, complex "black-box systems". When applied to forensic image identification, concerns about transparency and accountability emerge. This study explores the impact of two challenging factors in automated facial identification: facial expressions and head poses. The sample comprised 3D faces with nine prototype expressions, collected from 41 participants (13 males, 28 females) of European descent aged 19.96 to 50.89 years. Pre-processing involved converting 3D models to 2D color images (256 × 256 px). Probes included a set of 9 images per individual with head poses varying by 5° in both left-to-right (yaw) and up-and-down (pitch) directions for neutral expressions. A second set of 3,610 images per individual covered viewpoints in 5° increments from -45° to 45° for head movements and different facial expressions, forming the targets. Pair-wise comparisons using ArcFace, a state-of-the-art face identification algorithm yielded 54,615,690 dissimilarity scores. Results indicate that minor head deviations in probes have minimal impact. However, the performance diminished as targets deviated from the frontal position. Right-to-left movements were less influential than up and down, with downward pitch showing less impact than upward movements. The lowest accuracy was for upward pitch at 45°. Dissimilarity scores were consistently higher for males than for females across all studied factors. The performance particularly diverged in upward movements, starting at 15°. Among tested facial expressions, happiness and contempt performed best, while disgust exhibited the lowest AUC values.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- automatizované rozpoznávání obličeje * metody MeSH
- biometrická identifikace metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hlava - pohyby fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obličej anatomie a histologie MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- výraz obličeje * MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
While fingerprints are a highly used means of identification, not every fingerprint left behind on a potential crime scene can be used for identification purposes. In some cases, the fingerprint may be smudged, partially preserved or overlapping with other prints hence distorting the ridge pattern and may therefore be not appropriate for identification. Further, fingermark residue yields a very low abundance of genetic material for DNA analysis. In such cases, the fingermark may be used to retrieve basic donor information such as sex. The focus of this paper was to assess the possibility of differentiating between the sexes of the donor of latent fingermarks. Analytical method was GC-MS analysis of the chemical compounds of latent fingermarks using 22 male and 22 female donors. Results showed 44 identified compounds. Two alcohols, octadecanol C18 and eicosanol C20 , were found to show a difference that was statistically significant between male and female donors. There is also some evidence for the possibility of distinguishing sex of the fingermark donor based on the distribution of branched chain fatty acids, as free compounds or esterified in wax esters.
- MeSH
- dermatoglyfika * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The significant differences in the fingerprint pattern frequencies in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and controls could be a possible way to identify patients with a risk of developing T2DM. The results could be used in the earlier diagnosis and treatment. The study was undertaken to find out the reliability of fingerprint patterns as a possible predictive tool for T2DM diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 1,260 fingerprints were acquired using the optical contact sensor DactyScan 26i. The results of the qualitative analysis of the fingerprint pattern frequencies have been compared between T2DM patients and controls and also between the fingers to each other. We have detected the frequency of patterns: plain arch (Ap) and tented arch (At), radial loop (Lr), ulnar loop (Lu), double loop (Ld), spiral whorl (W), and plain whorl (concentric) (Wp). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square by Statistica ver. 12. RESULTS: We found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the frequency of individual dermatoglyphic patterns among patients with diabetes and healthy controls as follows: in the left thumb (L1) in a radial loop, double loop and spiral whorl pattern; in the left middle finger (L3) in a tented arch and radial loop; in the right ring finger (R4) in a tented arch, spiral and plain whorl; and in the right little finger (R5) in a tented arch and spiral whorl. CONCLUSION: Fingerprint pattern frequencies might be used as another screening tool and indicator in T2DM prevention. Qualitative analysis of fingerprint patterns could be useful regarding the additional prevention diagnostics of T2DM in the population.
- MeSH
- dermatoglyfika MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Using prenatally fixed dermatoglyphics features as markers of prenatal sex development is limited due to insufficient knowledge on their sex differences. This study aims to examine more thoroughly sex differences in radioulnar contrasts. METHODS: Fingerprints of 360 females and 331 males from four samples of different ethnic backgrounds (Czechs, Slovaks, Vietnamese and Lusatian Sorbs) were studied. On both hands, finger ridge counts were recorded, and all possible radioulnar contrasts were computed as a difference between ridge count at a radial position minus ridge count at a respective ulnar position on the hand. Radioulnar contrasts with population-congruent and numerically large dimorphism were selected and the dimorphism of the selected radioulnar contrasts was then tested using nonparametric analysis of variance. RESULTS: Greater dimorphism of radioulnar contrasts occurred on the right hand than on the left hand. Population congruent direction and relatively strong dimorphism (Cohen's d greater than 0.3) was found in six radioulnar contrasts on the right hand, all of which involved the radial ridge count of the 2nd finger. Of these, the highest average dimorphism was observed for the difference between the radial ridge count of the 2nd finger and the ulnar ridge count of the 4th finger (2r4u contrast), where the average effect size from all four population samples was comparable to a published average effect size of the 2D:4D finger length ratio. CONCLUSION: We propose that 2r4u contrast of ridge counts could serve as a marker of prenatal sexual development targeting a temporally narrow developmental window.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- dermatoglyfika * MeSH
- etnicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
- prsty ruky anatomie a histologie MeSH
- sexuální vývoj MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vitaminy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Research on ancient and forensic DNA is related in many ways, and the two fields must deal with similar obstacles. Therefore, communication between these two communities has the potential to improve results in both research fields. Here, we present the insights gained in the ancient DNA community with regard to analyzing DNA from aged skeletal material and the potential use of the developed protocols in forensic work. We discuss the various steps, from choosing samples for DNA extraction to deciding between classical PCR amplification and massively parallel sequencing approaches. Based on the progress made in ancient DNA analyses combined with the requirements of forensic work, we suggest that there is substantial potential for incorporating ancient DNA approaches into forensic protocols, a process that has already begun to a considerable extent. However, taking full advantage of the experiences gained from ancient DNA work will require comparative studies by the forensic DNA community to tailor the methods developed for ancient samples to the specific needs of forensic studies and case work. If successful, in our view, the benefits for both communities would be considerable.
- MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting MeSH
- DNA * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nekrotická degradace DNA MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- soudní genetika MeSH
- starobylá DNA * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The present study was designed to characterize six Trueperella (T.) abortisuis strains, cultured over a period of 5 months from fetus and abortion material of six pigs of a single farm in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania federal state, Germany. It was of interest to investigate the epidemiological relationships of the six strains among each other and whether a single bacterial clone was responsible for the abortion situation of the single farm. All six strains were identified phenotypically, by MALDI-TOF MS analysis and by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and gap (encoding the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and tuf (encoding elongation factor tu) gene sequencing. Further genotypic comparison was performed using different genomic DNA fingerprint methods including BOX-PCR, (GTG)5-PCR, and three RAPD-PCRs. The sequence analysis of the genes gap and tuf and the genomic DNA fingerprinting results revealed, as noval findings, that the six T. abortisuis strains cultured from a single farm represent six different bacterial clones showing a genetic variability of this bacterial species in the pig population. All six T. abortisuis strains were isolated in mixed culture with several other bacterial species. However, the T. abortisuis strain, generally found in high numbers, seemed to be responsible for the abortion situation in the farm.
- MeSH
- Actinomycetaceae klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi řádu Actinomycetales komplikace epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci prasat epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- potracený plod mikrobiologie MeSH
- potrat u zvířat epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo MeSH
