This review is focused on the unusual composition of the endolymph of the inner ear and its function in mechanoelectrical transduction. The role of K(+) and Ca(2+) in excitatory influx, the very low Na(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) concentrations of endolymph, stereocilia structure of hair cells and some proteins involved in mechanosensory signal transduction with emphasis on auditory receptors are presented and analyzed in more details. An alternative hypothetical model of ciliary structure and endolymph with a 'normal' composition is discussed. It is concluded that the unique endolymph cation content is more than an energy saving mechanism that avoids disturbing circulatory vibrations to achieve a much better mechanosensory resolution. It is the only possible way to fulfil the requirements for a precise ciliary mechanoelectrical transduction in conditions where pressure events with quite diverse amplitudes and duration are transformed into adequate hair cell membrane depolarizations, which are regulated by a sensitive Ca(2+)-dependent feedback tuning.

• MeSH
• Mechanotransduction, Cellular MeSH
• Endolymph chemistry   physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ear, Inner chemistry   physiology   MeSH
• Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner chemistry   physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

BPPV je nejčastějším typem závratí vůbec. Rotační závrať periferního typu následuje několiksekund po rychlé změně polohy. V patofyzio­logii BPPV hraje klíčovou roli přítomnost krystalků uhličitanu vápenatého v endolymfě polokruhových kanálků. Suverénní diagnostickou i léčebnou metodou jsou polohové manévry.

• MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Endolymph metabolism   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurologic Examination methods   utilization   MeSH
• Posture physiology   MeSH
• Signs and Symptoms MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Calcium Carbonate metabolism   adverse effects   MeSH
• Vertigo diagnosis   classification   therapy   MeSH
• Vestibular Function Tests methods   utilization   MeSH
• Dizziness diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Endolymph MeSH
• Meniere Disease diagnosis   etiology   surgery   MeSH
• Otologic Surgical Procedures MeSH
• Ear, Inner surgery   physiopathology   MeSH
• Dizziness diagnosis   therapy   MeSH

• MeSH
• Edema MeSH
• Endolymph MeSH
• Hydrostatic Pressure MeSH
• Meniere Disease physiopathology   MeSH
• Guinea Pigs MeSH
• Perilymph MeSH
• Hearing Disorders physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Guinea Pigs MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• otorinolaryngologie

• MeSH
• Potassium MeSH
• Endolymph MeSH
• Ion Exchange MeSH
• Microelectrodes MeSH
• Guinea Pigs MeSH
• Check Tag
• Guinea Pigs MeSH

• MeSH
• Endolymph MeSH
• Endolymphatic Hydrops MeSH
• Meniere Disease MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• otorinolaryngologie

• MeSH
• Endolymph MeSH
• Ferritins MeSH
• Perilymph MeSH
• Ear, Inner MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• otorinolaryngologie

• MeSH
• Anaphylaxis MeSH
• Endolymph MeSH
• Guinea Pigs MeSH
• Cerebrospinal Fluid MeSH
• Perilymph MeSH
• Labyrinthine Fluids MeSH
• Check Tag
• Guinea Pigs MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• otorinolaryngologie